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Edmund Husserl's Key Ideas
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Intersubjectivity
Intersubjectivity in Husserl's phenomenology is the shared, social space that arises from interactions among subjects, challenging the solipsism that can result from a strict focus on individual consciousness.
Intentionality
Husserl's concept of intentionality refers to the mind's capacity to be directed towards something, implying that consciousness is always consciousness of something. This idea was fundamental in his phenomenological approach.
Epoché
Epoché is Husserl's method of 'bracketing' or suspending judgment about the natural world to study the structures of consciousness itself, free from presuppositions.
Transcendental Phenomenology
Husserl's transcendental phenomenology aims to discover the fundamental, a priori conditions that make experience possible by analyzing the transcendental ego, which is the pure subject of consciousness.
Essences (Eidetic Reduction)
Husserl believed that through eidetic reduction we could access the 'essences' or the invariant features of phenomena that define what they are, by abstracting from the particulars of experience.
Transcendental Ego
The transcendental ego, according to Husserl, is the pure, observing part of consciousness, stripped of all empirical content and personal attributes, that underlies all experience.
The Principle of all Principles
This principle posits that every originary presentive intuition is a legitimate source of knowledge and that we must take phenomena at face value as they present themselves to us in order to understand them.
The Crisis of European Sciences
In this work, Husserl argues that the sciences have lost their connection to the lifeworld and the meaning structures that underpin them, leading to a crisis in meaning and understanding in modern culture.
Noesis and Noema
Noesis refers to the act of consciousness or thinking, while Noema refers to the object or content of that thought. Husserl used these terms to analyze the structure of different kinds of mental acts.
Temporal Consciousness
Husserl explored the structure of time as experienced within consciousness, addressing how the past, present, and future are constituted within the temporal flow of subjective experience.
Constitution
For Husserl, constitution refers to the way consciousness gives sense and form to the objects it encounters, implying a creative aspect of perception and thought.
Eidetic Variation
Eidetic variation is a method used by Husserl to explore the essence of objects by imaginatively varying aspects of those objects to see which parts can and cannot be changed without altering their fundamental nature.
Hyletic Data
Hyletic data are the raw sensations or sense-data that serve as the material for intentional acts of consciousness in Husserl's phenomenology.
Lifeworld (Lebenswelt)
Husserl's concept of the lifeworld refers to the pre-reflective, everyday world that we inhabit before any scientific or theoretical abstractions, which forms the backdrop of all human experience.
Phenomenological Reduction
This process involves stripping away the layers of assumptions and beliefs that cloud our understanding to study the pure phenomena of conscious experience, as they present themselves.
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