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Sartre's Existential Phenomenology

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Being-in-itself (L'être-en-soi)

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A mode of being characterized by being fully what it is, with no consciousness or possibility of change; non-conscious matter.

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Transcendence (La transcendance)

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Sartre's notion of transcendence describes the way consciousness can surpass its current situation and facticity to create new meanings and possibilities.

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Authenticity (L'authenticité)

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The concept of living in a way that is true to one's self, being aware of one's freedom, and accepting responsibility for one's actions without hiding behind bad faith.

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Bad Faith (Mauvaise foi)

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A form of self-deception where individuals deny their freedom and responsibility by adopting false values from external societal pressures.

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Existence precedes Essence

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For Sartre, human beings first exist without any predetermined purpose or essence, and only later define their essence through their actions and choices.

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Facticity (La facticité)

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The aspects of reality that are beyond individual control, such as one's birthplace, social context, and biological makeup, yet freedom is exercised within these constraints.

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Being-for-others (L'être-pour-autrui)

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An aspect of one's existence that is defined through the perspective of others, often leading to a loss of freedom and the feeling of being an object.

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Anguish (L'angoisse)

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The existential dread or anxiety that arises from the individual's realization of their own absolute freedom and the responsibility for their choices.

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The Look (Le regard)

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The experience of realizing that one is an object in the world of another consciousness, which leads to a sense of objectification and loss of freedom.

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Nothingness (Le Néant)

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Sartre's concept of nothingness refers to the absence of being that allows consciousness to be free, as it is not bound by any predetermined essence.

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Freedom (La liberté)

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In Sartre's framework, freedom is the inherent characteristic of consciousness, as it has the capacity to transcend the given world and choose its own path.

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Being-for-itself (L'être-pour-soi)

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The aspect of human reality that is characterized by consciousness, subjectivity, freedom, and the capacity for self-reflection.

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