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Sartre's Existential Phenomenology
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Being-in-itself (L'être-en-soi)
A mode of being characterized by being fully what it is, with no consciousness or possibility of change; non-conscious matter.
Transcendence (La transcendance)
Sartre's notion of transcendence describes the way consciousness can surpass its current situation and facticity to create new meanings and possibilities.
Authenticity (L'authenticité)
The concept of living in a way that is true to one's self, being aware of one's freedom, and accepting responsibility for one's actions without hiding behind bad faith.
Bad Faith (Mauvaise foi)
A form of self-deception where individuals deny their freedom and responsibility by adopting false values from external societal pressures.
Existence precedes Essence
For Sartre, human beings first exist without any predetermined purpose or essence, and only later define their essence through their actions and choices.
Facticity (La facticité)
The aspects of reality that are beyond individual control, such as one's birthplace, social context, and biological makeup, yet freedom is exercised within these constraints.
Being-for-others (L'être-pour-autrui)
An aspect of one's existence that is defined through the perspective of others, often leading to a loss of freedom and the feeling of being an object.
Anguish (L'angoisse)
The existential dread or anxiety that arises from the individual's realization of their own absolute freedom and the responsibility for their choices.
The Look (Le regard)
The experience of realizing that one is an object in the world of another consciousness, which leads to a sense of objectification and loss of freedom.
Nothingness (Le Néant)
Sartre's concept of nothingness refers to the absence of being that allows consciousness to be free, as it is not bound by any predetermined essence.
Freedom (La liberté)
In Sartre's framework, freedom is the inherent characteristic of consciousness, as it has the capacity to transcend the given world and choose its own path.
Being-for-itself (L'être-pour-soi)
The aspect of human reality that is characterized by consciousness, subjectivity, freedom, and the capacity for self-reflection.
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