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Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
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Pre-conventional Level: Stage 1
Obedience and Punishment Orientation - Children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.
Pre-conventional Level: Stage 2
Individualism and Exchange - At this stage, children recognize that there is not just one right view that is handed down by the authorities. Different individuals have different viewpoints.
Conventional Level: Stage 3
Good Interpersonal Relationships - The child is good in order to be seen as being a good person by others. Therefore, answers relate to the approval of others.
Conventional Level: Stage 4
Maintaining the Social Order - The child becomes aware of the wider rules of society, so judgments concern obeying the rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt.
Post-conventional Level: Stage 5
Social Contract and Individual Rights - The individual becomes aware that while rules and laws are important for maintaining a society, sometimes they need to be changed or are inadequate for resolving conflicts.
Post-conventional Level: Stage 6
Universal Principles - Individuals at this stage have developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. The principles apply to everyone and are consistent.
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