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Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. Example: A child is able to complete a puzzle with the help from a teacher, which they could not complete alone.
Scaffolding
Support given at the beginning of the learning process, which is gradually removed as the learner becomes more proficient. Example: A teacher first explaining the concept of addition step-by-step and then gradually asking students to solve problems with less guidance.
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
An individual who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. Example: A tutor who helps a student understand algebra is an MKO.
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