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A trough-like fold in rock strata where younger layers are closer to the center of the structure.

An arch-like fold in rock strata where older layers are closer to the center of the structure.

A type of fold where rock layers are tipped or step-like without a clear bending point, typically resulting from faulting.

A fracture in rock along which there has been displacement and movement due to tectonic forces.

The layering of sedimentary rocks, reflecting different periods of sediment deposition.

The process of mountain building through tectonic forces such as folding, faulting, and volcanic activity.

A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the Earth's crust, which is the result of long-term crystallization of magma.

A type of vertical or near-vertical igneous intrusion that cuts across sedimentary rock layers.

An intrusive igneous body that is tabular and parallel to the layering of the rocks it intrudes.

A textural feature of metamorphic rocks that involves the parallel alignment of mineral grains or structural features.

A fracture dividing rock into two sections that have not moved away from each other.