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Geologic Structures
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Foliation
A textural feature of metamorphic rocks that involves the parallel alignment of mineral grains or structural features.
Joint
A fracture dividing rock into two sections that have not moved away from each other.
Dike
A type of vertical or near-vertical igneous intrusion that cuts across sedimentary rock layers.
Plateau
An extensive area of flat or gently undulating land that has been uplifted as a unit, often due to tectonic activity.
Orogeny
The process of mountain building through tectonic forces such as folding, faulting, and volcanic activity.
Stratification
The layering of sedimentary rocks, reflecting different periods of sediment deposition.
Syncline
A trough-like fold in rock strata where younger layers are closer to the center of the structure.
Monocline
A type of fold where rock layers are tipped or step-like without a clear bending point, typically resulting from faulting.
Batholith
A very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the Earth's crust, which is the result of long-term crystallization of magma.
Sill
An intrusive igneous body that is tabular and parallel to the layering of the rocks it intrudes.
Anticline
An arch-like fold in rock strata where older layers are closer to the center of the structure.
Fault
A fracture in rock along which there has been displacement and movement due to tectonic forces.
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