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A submarine mountain range formed by plate tectonics involving the upwelling of magma from the mantle as tectonic plates diverge.

A deep, narrow depression in the ocean floor formed by the subduction of one tectonic plate beneath another.

An underwater mountain formed by volcanic activity that does not reach the ocean's surface.

A flat or very gently sloping area of the deep ocean basin, formed by the deposition of sediments.

An area of irregular, seismically inactive topography marking the position of a once-active transform fault boundary between two lithospheric plates.

A fissure on the seafloor from which geothermally heated water issues, typically found near volcanically active places.

The extended perimeter of each continent, which lies submerged under relatively shallow sea and encircles a continent.

A large, relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed, generally formed by the accumulation of volcanic material.

A flat-topped seamount, typically formed from an extinct volcano that has eroded away or has been submerged and has a flat top due to erosion or flattening by marine processes.

A steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, sometimes extending well onto the continental shelf, formed by the action of turbulent sediment laden waters.

A ring-shaped coral reef, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely, often built on the rim of an extinct seamount or volcano.