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Development Policy Debates
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Economic Diversification in Resource-rich Countries
Pro: Reduces dependency on volatile resource prices, creates job opportunities. Con: Requires significant investment, may not be competitive, resource sector may resist change.
Policy on Informal Economy
Pro: Can provide employment and services to the underserved. Con: May contribute to tax evasion, lacks worker protections, and can undermine formal industries.
Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises
Pro: Increases efficiency and competitiveness, can reduce government debt. Con: May lead to job losses, can create private monopolies, might neglect public interest.
Population Control Policies
Pro: Can reduce resource strain and improve economic outcomes. Con: May infringe on individual rights, potential for demographic imbalance, unethical implementations.
Debt Relief for Developing Countries
Pro: Can release funds for development, reduces financial instability. Con: Might encourage fiscal irresponsibility, can be unfair to countries that manage debts well.
Cash Transfers vs In-Kind Support
Pro for Cash: Increases choice for recipients, more cost-effective. Pro for In-Kind: Can be targeted to specific needs, reduces risk of misusing funds. Con for both: May not address structural causes of poverty.
Technology Transfer to Developing Countries
Pro: Accelerates development, can improve competitiveness. Con: May lead to reliance on foreign technology, uneven benefits, and intellectual property issues.
Universal Basic Income (UBI)
Pro: Reduces poverty and income inequality, provides economic stability, and boosts consumer spending. Con: High costs to implement, potential disincentive to work, and might cause inflation.
Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation
Pro: Provides access to credit for the poor, can empower women, stimulates entrepreneurship. Con: High interest rates, debt traps for borrowers, and potential for expansive misuse.
Intellectual Property Rights Reinforcement in Developing Countries
Pro: Encourages innovation and foreign investment. Con: Can limit access to essential medicines, may hinder local innovation, and create barriers to knowledge.
Urbanization and Its Management
Pro: Can drive economic growth, better service delivery in concentrated areas. Con: Can result in overcrowding, strain infrastructure, and create socio-economic disparities.
Land Reform Policies
Pro: Increases equity and agricultural productivity, secure land rights can boost local economy. Con: May lead to political unrest, improper implementation can be counterproductive.
Climate Change Mitigation vs Economic Growth
Pro: Ensures long-term sustainability, can drive innovation, aligns with global goals. Con: May limit short-term economic growth, costly transition for industries, uneven global impact.
Gender-responsive Budgeting
Pro: Promotes gender equality, can improve allocation of public resources. Con: Complex to implement, potential political challenges, may not address root causes of gender inequality.
Trade Liberalization
Pro: Encourages competition, drives economic growth, and wider access to goods. Con: Can harm domestic industries, lead to trade deficits, and job losses in protected sectors.
Sustainable Agriculture vs Industrial Agriculture
Pro for Sustainable: Maintains ecosystems and biodiversity, supports smallholder farmers. Pro for Industrial: Higher yields, can meet global food demands. Con for both: May face adaptability issues and market challenges.
Labor Market Flexibility
Pro: Can lead to economic growth, reduces unemployment by adjusting labor costs. Con: Can reduce job security, weaken labor rights, and increase income inequality.
Foreign Aid Effectiveness
Pro: Encourages development, promotes international cooperation, and alleviates poverty. Con: Can create dependency, risk of corruption, and lack of alignment with local needs.
Education as a Human Right vs a Commodity
Pro: Universal education can reduce inequality, is a foundation for development. Con: Privatized education might increase efficiency, can provide specialized services.
Investment in Public Transport
Pro: Reduces congestion and pollution, can improve economic productivity. Con: High upfront costs, potential underutilization, and ongoing maintenance expenses.
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