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Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology

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Vitamin Enriched Crops

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Crops biofortified to increase their vitamin content, addressing micronutrient deficiencies in diets dependent on staple crops.

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Cisgenic Plants

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Plants that have been genetically engineered using genes from the same species or a closely related one, which may have fewer regulatory hurdles and higher public acceptance.

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Tissue Culture & Micropropagation

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The practice of using a small tissue sample from a plant to grow large numbers of new plants, which ensures uniformity and disease-free propagation of crops.

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Submergence Tolerant Rice (Sub1)

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Rice varieties improved to withstand flooding, enabling crops to survive prolonged submergence, which can lead to significantly reduced yield losses in flood-prone areas.

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Herbicide Tolerant Soybeans

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Soybean varieties engineered to tolerate specific herbicides, simplifying weed management and potentially increasing soybean yields.

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Fruit Ripening Control

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Genetic modifications that delay fruit ripening, allowing for extended shelf life and reducing food waste during transportation and storage.

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Grafting on Resistant Rootstocks

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A technique where the top part of one plant is grown on the root system of another that is resistant to certain soil-borne pests or diseases, improving overall plant health and yield.

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Drought-Tolerant Crops

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Crops genetically modified or selected to survive in dry conditions, which can stabilize yields under drought stress and reduce reliance on irrigation.

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Disease Resistant Varieties

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Crops genetic improved or engineered to resist pests and diseases, thereby reducing crop losses, lowering pesticide use and increasing yield.

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Hybrid Vigor

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The improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring, resulting in increased yield, resistance to diseases, and faster growth.

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RNAi Technology

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A biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, used to silence undesirable traits in crops, such as susceptibility to diseases or production of anti-nutritional factors.

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)

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Crops improved to utilize available nitrogen more efficiently, which can decrease the need for nitrogen-based fertilizers, thus reducing environmental impact and production costs.

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Genetic Diversity Preservation

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Conservation of a wide range of genetic variations in crop plants, which is essential for improving traits and ensuring food security against pests, diseases, and climatic changes.

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Climate Resilient Crops

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Crops bred or engineered to withstand variable and extreme weather conditions associated with climate change, helping to maintain consistent yield under environmental stress.

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Salt-Tolerant Crops

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Crops engineered to grow in saline soils, a trait that can expand arable land and decrease yield loss from soil salinity.

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Quality Protein Maize (QPM)

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Maize varieties with improved amino acid profiles providing better nutritional quality than conventional maize, which can be particularly beneficial in regions where maize is a major dietary staple.

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Stacked Traits

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Crops that have multiple beneficial traits introduced by genetic engineering, such as pest resistance and herbicide tolerance, to provide comprehensive benefits.

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Roundup Ready Crops

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Crops genetically engineered to tolerate glyphosate, an herbicide, allowing farmers to control weeds without harming the crop, leading to decreased production costs.

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Industrial Enzyme Production

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Crops engineered to produce enzymes for industrial uses, which can add value to agricultural products and provide new markets for crops.

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CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing

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A precise method for making targeted changes to a crop's DNA sequence, leading to the ability to enhance traits such as drought tolerance or pest resistance. Has potential to vastly accelerate crop improvement.

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High Yielding Varieties (HYVs)

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Crops bred for significantly higher production per unit area, effectively raising food supply and farmers' incomes.

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Golden Rice

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Rice genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, aiming to reduce vitamin A deficiency in populations dependent on rice as a staple food.

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Bt Crop (Bacillus thuringiensis)

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Genetically engineered crops that produce Bt toxin to control insect pests, reducing the need for chemical insecticides and increasing yield and farmer profit.

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Pesticide Degradation

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Crops genetically engineered for the ability to degrade certain pesticides, therefore, reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.

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Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)

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A form of indirect selection using molecular markers associated with desirable traits, making the breeding process faster and more efficient.

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