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Veterinary Pharmacology
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Tetracycline
Usage: Broad-spectrum antibiotic for respiratory and enteric infections. Dosage: Cattle: 10 mg/kg BW daily IM for 3-5 days, Swine: 10 mg/kg BW IM or orally in feed. Precautions: Can cause staining of teeth in young animals; avoid sunlight due to photosensitivity risk.
Benzathine Penicillin
Usage: Long-acting antibacterial for streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. Dosage: Cattle: 3,000 IU/kg BW IM once every 48 hours, Swine: 3,000 IU/kg BW IM once every 72 hours. Precautions: Risk of allergic reactions; do not use in animals with known penicillin allergies.
Tulathromycin
Usage: Macrolide antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases. Dosage: Cattle: 2.5 mg/kg BW SC, Swine: 2.5 mg/kg BW IM. Precautions: Single dose efficacy; handle with care to avoid self-injection.
Eprinomectin
Usage: Antiparasitic agent used for the treatment of internal and external parasites. Dosage: Cattle: 0.2 mg/kg BW topically. Precautions: Avoid contact with water bodies to prevent aquatic toxicity; not for use in other species due to toxicity risks.
Doramectin
Usage: Antiparasitic to control internal and external parasites such as nematodes and arachnids. Dosage: Cattle: 200 µg/kg BW SC, Swine: 300 µg/kg BW SC. Precautions: Avoid in non-target species and aquatic environments.
Decoquinate
Usage: Coccidiostat used to prevent coccidiosis in ruminants. Dosage: Mixed in feed at 0.5 mg/kg BW for calves and lambs. Precautions: Do not use in laying hens; proper feed mixing is essential for efficacy.
Buprenorphine
Usage: Opioid used for moderate to severe pain management. Dosage: Cattle and Swine: 0.01-0.05 mg/kg BW IM or IV. Precautions: Controlled substance; potential for addiction and withdrawal in animals.
Copper Sulfate
Usage: Used as a dietary supplement in trace amounts; also for foot baths to control hoof infections. Dosage: Mixed in feed at 5-10 ppm or used in foot baths at 2-5% solution. Precautions: Can be toxic in high amounts; avoid excess copper especially in sheep.
Ivermectin
Usage: Antiparasitic for treating internal and external parasites. Dosage: Cattle: 200 µg/kg BW SC, Swine: 300 µg/kg BW SC. Precautions: Avoid off-target species exposure; careful dosing to prevent toxicity.
Procaine Penicillin G
Usage: Antibiotic for bacterial infections, commonly used against gram-positive organisms. Dosage: Cattle and Sheep: 3,000-20,000 IU/kg BW IM for 3-5 days. Precautions: Only for IM use; do not use in animals with penicillin allergy or in animals intended for meat within 30 days.
Romifidine
Usage: Sedative and analgesic for minor surgical and diagnostic procedures. Dosage: Cattle: 0.04-0.1 mg/kg BW IV, Swine: 0.1-0.3 mg/kg BW IM. Precautions: Respiratory depression risk; not for use in horses due to severe reaction risks.
Phenylbutazone
Usage: NSAID for relief of pain, fever and inflammatory conditions. Dosage: Cattle: 4.4 mg/kg BW IV or IM once or twice a day. Precautions: Banned in dairy cattle 20 months of age or older; risk for causing blood dyscrasias.
Flunixin Meglumine
Usage: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain, fever and inflammation. Dosage: Cattle: 1.1-2.2 mg/kg BW IV or IM, Swine: 2.2 mg/kg BW IM. Precautions: Avoid in dehydrated or hypovolemic animals due to renal toxicity risk.
Praziquantel
Usage: Antiparasitic against flukes and cestodes. Dosage: Cattle and Sheep: 5-10 mg/kg BW SC or orally, Swine: 5-10 mg/kg BW SC. Precautions: Avoid usage in early pregnancy; may interact with other medications.
Gentamicin
Usage: Aminoglycoside antibiotic for systemic bacterial infections. Dosage: Cattle and Swine: 2-4 mg/kg BW every 24 hours IM or IV. Precautions: Can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity; use with caution in animals with renal impairment.
Enrofloxacin
Usage: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic for treatment of respiratory and urinary infections. Dosage: Cattle: 2.5-5 mg/kg BW SC or IV, Swine: 2.5-5 mg/kg BW IM. Precautions: Reserved for specific bacterial infections to minimize resistance risk; not for use in poultry.
Penicillin G Procaine + Penicillin G Benzathine
Usage: Combination antibiotic for extended action against bacterial infections. Dosage: Cattle and Sheep: 3,000-6,000 IU/kg BW IM. Precautions: Not for IV use; observe withdrawal times for milk and meat.
Oxytocin
Usage: Induction of labor, control of postpartum hemorrhage, milk let-down. Dosage: Cattle: 10-100 IU IM or IV, Swine: 20-100 IU IM. Precautions: Use with caution in animals with dystocia.
Cloprostenol
Usage: Synthetic prostaglandin analog for estrus synchronization and abortion in cattle. Dosage: Cattle: 0.5-2.0 mg IM, Swine: 0.175-0.7 mg IM. Precautions: Use only in accordance with animal welfare regulations; can cause human bronchospasm on accidental exposure.
Lasalocid
Usage: Ionophore used as a feed additive to prevent coccidiosis and improve feed efficiency. Dosage: Mixed in feed at 20-30 ppm. Precautions: Toxic to horses; careful measurement and mixing is required to prevent overdose.
Neomycin
Usage: Aminoglycoside antibiotic for enteric infections, especially E. coli. Dosage: Cattle and Swine: 5-10 mg/kg BW daily IM or orally. Precautions: Can cause nephrotoxicity; ensure animals have adequate water intake.
Albendazole
Usage: Broad-spectrum anthelmintic for gastrointestinal parasites. Dosage: Cattle: 10 mg/kg BW orally, Sheep: 5-10 mg/kg BW orally. Precautions: Do not use during the first 45 days of pregnancy; milk withdrawal time should be observed.
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Usage: Treatment for thiamine deficiency, polioencephalomalacia in ruminants. Dosage: Cattle: 10 mg/kg BW IM or IV, Sheep: 10 mg/kg BW IM or IV. Precautions: Inject slowly; can cause anaphylactic reactions if administered too quickly.
Selenium + Vitamin E
Usage: Prevents white muscle disease and supports immune function. Dosage: Cattle: 0.1 mg/kg BW selenium and 68 IU/kg BW vitamin E IM, Sheep: 0.1 mg/kg BW selenium and 68 IU/kg BW vitamin E IM. Precautions: Risk of selenium toxicity if overused; ensure proper dosage.
Meloxicam
Usage: NSAID for pain and inflammation, often post-operatively or for arthritis. Dosage: Cattle: 0.5 mg/kg BW SC or IV, Swine: 0.4 mg/kg BW SC or orally. Precautions: Not for use in animals with ulcer and bleeding disorders; hydration status should be monitored.
Nitroxynil
Usage: Anthelmintic effective against liver flukes. Dosage: Cattle: 10 mg/kg BW SC, Sheep: 10 mg/kg BW SC. Precautions: Use caution when handling as it may cause skin irritation; avoid carcass damage at injection site.
Tribendimidine
Usage: Anthelmintic used for a broad spectrum of nematode infections. Dosage: Cattle, Sheep, and Swine: 10-15 mg/kg BW orally. Precautions: Limited availability in certain regions; not many studies on efficacy and safety in livestock.
Ceftiofur
Usage: Cephalosporin antibiotic for respiratory diseases, metritis, and septicemia. Dosage: Cattle: 1-2 mg/kg BW IM or SC once daily for 3-5 days, Swine: 3-5 mg/kg BW IM or SC once daily for 3 days. Precautions: Monitor for cephalosporin allergy; possible milk discard times.
Poloxalene
Usage: Therapeutic agent for the prevention of frothy bloat in ruminants. Dosage: Cattle: 1 g/100 lbs BW daily in feed. Precautions: Only for prevention, not a cure for bloat; ensure proper dosage to prevent toxicity.
Piperazine
Usage: Anthelmintic to control roundworm infections. Dosage: Cattle, Sheep, and Swine: 50-100 mg/kg BW orally. Precautions: Not effective against all species of worms; periodic treatments may be necessary for full control.
Lincomycin
Usage: Lincosamide antibiotic for treating swine dysentery and mycoplasmal pneumonia. Dosage: Swine: 5-10 mg/kg BW once daily for 7 days IM or orally. Precautions: Monitor for diarrhea; not for use in ruminants, equines, or rabbits due to severe enteritis risk.
Amoxicillin
Usage: Broad-spectrum antibiotic for bacterial infections. Dosage: Cattle: 3-5 mg/kg BW IM, Sheep: 3-5 mg/kg BW IM, Swine: 3-15 mg/kg BW IM or IV. Precautions: Not for use in animals with penicillin allergies and monitor for antibiotic resistance.
Sulfadimethoxine
Usage: Sulfonamide antibiotic used to treat coccidiosis and some bacterial diseases. Dosage: Cattle: 55 mg/kg BW initially, then 27.5 mg/kg BW once daily, Swine: 50 mg/kg BW orally. Precautions: Provide plenty of drinking water to prevent crystalluria; not for use in dairy cattle within 20 months of age.
Fenbendazole
Usage: Benzimidazole anthelmintic used to treat gastrointestinal parasites. Dosage: Cattle: 5 mg/kg BW orally, Sheep: 5 mg/kg BW orally, Swine: 5 mg/kg BW orally. Precautions: May require multiple days of dosing for full efficacy; observe withdrawal times before slaughter.
Tylosin
Usage: Macrolide antibacterial for mycoplasma infections and some bacterial enteritis. Dosage: Cattle: 8.8-13.2 mg/kg BW daily IM for 3-5 days, Swine: 5.5-11 mg/kg BW IM. Precautions: May cause injection site reactions; not for animals with macrolide hypersensitivity.
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