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Soil and Water Conservation
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Subsurface Drainage
An underground network of pipes that removes excess water from soil to prevent waterlogging and improve root growth.
Contour Plowing
Tilling at right angles to the slope of the land to reduce runoff and soil erosion.
Riparian Buffer
Vegetated area near a stream which helps shade and partially protect the stream from the impact of adjacent land uses.
Sediment Control Basins
Structures designed to capture sediment from runoff before it enters waterways, thereby reducing pollution and erosion.
Cover Cropping
Planting crops to provide ground cover during off-season to reduce soil erosion and improve soil health.
Windbreaks or Shelterbelts
Rows of trees or shrubs planted to reduce wind speed to protect soil from wind erosion.
Conservation Tillage
A tillage system that leaves crop residue on the soil surface to reduce runoff and erosion.
Organic Farming
Farming system that relies on eco-friendly practices, such as biological pest control and green manure, to improve soil and water quality.
Filter Strips
Areas of grass or other permanent vegetation used to reduce sediment, organic material, nutrients, pesticides and other contaminants from runoff.
Mulching
Applying a layer of material to soil surface to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and prevent erosion.
Drip Irrigation
A highly efficient irrigation method that delivers water directly to the plant roots to reduce water usage.
Plastic Mulching
Use of synthetic mulching materials, like plastic sheets, to control soil temperature and moisture, and to suppress weed growth.
Bioengineering Techniques
The use of living plant materials to construct terraces, check dams, and other structures to reduce soil erosion and stabilize landscapes.
Terracing
Creating terraces on steep slopes to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.
Contour Strip Cropping
Planting alternating strips of erosion-resistant and erosion-prone crops along the contour.
Rainwater Harvesting
Collecting and storing rainwater for agricultural use to reduce dependency on groundwater.
Green Manures
Crops that are grown to be plowed into the soil to improve soil fertility and organic matter content.
Crop Rotation
Alternating the types of crops grown in each field to improve soil fertility and reduce erosion.
Ponding Systems
Structures designed to collect and retain water for irrigation purpose thereby reducing soil erosion.
Retention Ponds
Basins designed to retain stormwater and reduce peak discharge to rivers and streams during storm events.
Grassed Waterways
Channels designed to direct runoff and reduce soil erosion by establishing grass within them.
Minimum Tillage
Tillage practice that disturbs the soil minimally and maintains the maximum amount of crop residue on the field’s surface.
Buffer Strips
Strips of vegetation between crops and water bodies to intercept pollutants and prevent contamination.
Constructed Wetlands
Artificial wetlands created as part of a waste treatment system to remove sediments and nutrients from agricultural run-off.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
An ecological approach to pest control that combines biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical tools to minimize environmental impacts.
Water Conservation in Irrigation
Applying water-saving techniques and technologies to maximize irrigation efficiency and minimize water loss.
No-Till Farming
An agricultural technique that involves growing crops without disturbing the soil through tillage.
Agroforestry
Integrating trees and shrubs with crop and animal farming to create more diverse, productive, and sustainable land-use systems.
Managed Grazing
Regulating where and when animals graze to minimize soil compaction and maintain grass cover.
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