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Impact: Parasitic infection in fish, causing skin and gill damage, and high mortality in salmonids. Lifecycle: Viviparous, directly releasing live offspring onto host or water. Control/Prevention: Fish health monitoring, treatment with praziquantel, and restricting movement of infected stock.

Impact: Causes coccidiosis; digestive disorder in birds and mammals. Lifecycle: Sporulated oocysts ingested; multiply in intestines, excreted in feces. Control/Prevention: Good sanitation, coccidiostats in feed.

Impact: Causes coccidiosis in poultry, weight loss, and diarrhea. Lifecycle: Sporulated oocysts ingested, multiple in host intestines, oocysts excreted. Control/Prevention: Maintain clean, dry environment and use feed additives.

Impact: Causes East Coast fever in cattle, high mortality rates. Lifecycle: Spread by ticks, infect and transform white blood cells, then red blood cells. Control/Prevention: Tick control and use of live attenuated vaccines.

Impact: Causes schistosomiasis, leading to liver and kidney damage. Lifecycle: Miracidia penetrate snails, cercariae released into water infect host. Control/Prevention: Snail control, prevent water contamination, avoid contact with contaminated water.

Impact: Causes demodicosis in cattle, leading to hair loss and skin nodules. Lifecycle: Mites live within skin follicles, lifecycle completed on host. Control/Prevention: Acaricides, improve host resistances through breeding.

Impact: Causes heartworm disease which can lead to heart failure. Lifecycle: Microfilariae transmitted by mosquitoes, develop in host's heart and lungs. Control/Prevention: Mosquito control and prophylactic medication.

Impact: Causes bovine lungworm disease, leading to respiratory distress. Lifecycle: Larvae ingested from pasture, migrate to lungs and develop. Control/Prevention: Antihelmintics, avoiding overstocking pastures.

Impact: Causes bovine anaplasmosis, leading to severe anemia, jaundice, and weight loss. Lifecycle: Transmitted by ticks and biting flies, infects red blood cells. Control/Prevention: Control of tick vector, vaccination, and managing movement of animals.

Impact: Causes ascaridosis in pigs, can lead to respiratory and intestinal complications. Lifecycle: Eggs pass in feces, ingested by pigs, hatch and migrate through organs. Control/Prevention: Deworming and maintaining clean pens.

Impact: Causes parasitic gastroenteritis, leading to poor growth and production in cattle. Lifecycle: Larvae ingested from pasture, develop in the stomach lining. Control/Prevention: Anthelmintics, rotational grazing, monitoring of larvae on pastures.

Impact: Causes African trypanosomiasis or nagana in cattle, affecting the nervous system. Lifecycle: Transmitted by tsetse flies, multiply in blood and tissues. Control/Prevention: Tsetse fly control, trypanocidal drugs.

Impact: Causes Leishmaniasis; can lead to skin lesions or systemic disease. Lifecycle: Transmitted by sandflies, infect macrophages in the host. Control/Prevention: Control of sandfly vectors, reducing contact with flies, and treatment of infected animals.

Impact: Causes psoroptic mange, leading to skin lesions and wool loss in sheep. Lifecycle: Mites live and reproduce on the skin surface, spread through contact. Control/Prevention: Dipping or spraying with acaricides, quarantine of new stock.

Impact: Causes tick fever and transmits babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Lifecycle: Hard tick with a one-host lifecycle, feeding on cattle. Control/Prevention: Acaricides, tick-resistant cattle breeds, pasture management.

Impact: Causes anemia and edema in livestock. Lifecycle: Eggs hatch in the feces; immature larvae develop and are ingested by grazing animals. Control/Prevention: Use of antihelmintic drugs and pasture rotation.

Impact: Bloodworm causing verminous arteritis in horses, can lead to colic. Lifecycle: Larvae ingested from pasture, migrate to arterial system. Control/Prevention: Regular deworming, proper manure management and pasture maintenance.

Impact: Causes trichinosis, can lead to muscle inflammation and pain. Lifecycle: Larvae ingested from undercooked meat, grow in intestines, encyst in muscles. Control/Prevention: Proper cooking of meat, rodent control.

Impact: Transmits diseases like Ehrlichiosis and causes tick paralysis. Lifecycle: Three-host tick with larvae, nymphs, and adults feeding on different hosts. Control/Prevention: Tick control on pets and livestock, habitat reduction.

Impact: Causes giardiasis; diarrhea and malabsorption in animals, including pets. Lifecycle: Trophozoites colonize the small intestine, cysts shed in feces. Control/Prevention: Water treatment, hygiene, and prompt treatment of infected animals.

Impact: Causes hydatid disease; forms cysts in liver, lungs, and other organs. Lifecycle: Dogs are definitive hosts, eggs excreted in feces, intermediate hosts infected via ingestion. Control/Prevention: Regular deworming of dogs, careful handling of offal to prevent feeding to dogs.

Impact: Causes pediculosis or lice infestation, leading to itchiness and irritation. Lifecycle: Eggs (nits) attached to hair, hatch into nymphs, mature into adults. Control/Prevention: Insecticides, regular grooming, and sanitation.

Impact: Causes scabies, intense itching and skin irritation. Lifecycle: Mites burrow into the skin, lay eggs, larvae hatch and mature. Control/Prevention: Miticides and environmental cleaning.

Impact: Vector of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and other diseases. Lifecycle: 2-year life cycle with larval, nymphal, and adult stages feeding on hosts. Control/Prevention: Tick control with acaricides, habitat management.

Impact: Can cause toxoplasmosis, particularly dangerous in pregnant animals. Lifecycle: Oocysts shed in cat feces, ingested by other animals, forms cysts in tissues. Control/Prevention: Prevent ingestion of oocysts, keep cats away from feed.

Impact: Causes piroplasmosis, fever, anemia, and jaundice in animals. Lifecycle: Transmitted by ticks, infect red blood cells. Control/Prevention: Tick control, possible use of vaccine in some areas.

Impact: Causes taeniasis in humans, cysticercosis in pigs. Lifecycle: Adult worms in human intestines release eggs, pigs ingest, cysticerci form. Control/Prevention: Proper cooking of pork, good hygiene, and treatment of human cases.

Impact: Causes liver fluke disease, leading to decreased productivity. Lifecycle: Eggs passed in feces; hatch into miracidia, infect snails, emerge as cercariae, encyst on vegetation. Control/Prevention: Antihelmintics and removal of snail habitat.

Impact: Causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), leading to neurological disorders. Lifecycle: Opossums are definitive hosts; horses are aberrant hosts, become infected through contaminated feed/water. Control/Prevention: Preventing opossum access to horse feed, good hygiene practices.