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Symptoms: Immunosuppression, watery diarrhea, weakened muscles. Transmission: Contaminated feed and water, fecal-oral route. Control strategies: Vaccination, biosecurity, disinfection of equipment.

Symptoms: Pale birds, lethargy, mortality in young chickens. Transmission: Vertical and horizontal, mainly through feces. Control strategies: Biosecurity, control of secondary infections, breeding for resistance.

Symptoms: Flaccid paralysis, difficulty breathing, death. Transmission: Ingestion of toxin from decomposing carcasses or plant material. Control strategies: Removal of potential toxin sources, supportive care for affected birds, vaccination in some areas.

Symptoms: Gasping, coughing, nervous signs. Transmission: Direct contact with infected birds, contaminated feed and water. Control strategies: Vaccination, movement restrictions, biosecurity.

Symptoms: Paralysis, weight loss, tumors, irregularly shaped pupils. Transmission: Airborne, via feather dander and dust. Control strategies: Vaccination at hatch, strict biosecurity, genetic resistance.

Symptoms: Wart-like lesions on skin, diphtheritic membranes in the mouth. Transmission: Mosquitoes, direct contact with lesions. Control strategies: Vaccination, mosquito control, quarantine new birds.

Symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, rales, decreased egg quality. Transmission: Airborne, direct contact. Control strategies: Vaccination, good ventilation, strict biosecurity.

Symptoms: Bloody mucus, gasping, drop in egg production. Transmission: Direct contact with infected birds or material. Control strategies: Vaccination, biosecurity, quarantine of affected flocks.

Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, lethargy, changes in voice. Transmission: Inhalation of spores from moldy feed or litter. Control strategies: Good sanitation, dry bedding, proper ventilation.

Symptoms: Chronic respiratory disease, sinusitis, reduced egg production. Transmission: Direct contact, airborne, vertical transmission (egg to chick). Control strategies: Antibiotics, culling, biosecurity.

Symptoms: Often asymptomatic in birds, can cause enteritis. Transmission: Fecal-oral route, contaminated food and water. Control strategies: Good hygiene, fly control, biosecurity.

Symptoms: Lameness, swollen joints, reduced growth. Transmission: Vertical transmission from hen to egg, aerosol. Control strategies: Breeding for resistance, antibiotics, eradication programs.

Symptoms: Respiratory distress, depression, drop in egg production. Transmission: Wild birds, contaminated equipment. Control strategies: Biosecurity measures, vaccination, culling infected birds.

Symptoms: Nasal discharge, lethargy, greenish feces. Transmission: Inhalation of dust from dried droppings, nasal secretions. Control strategies: Antibiotics, test and remove carriers, improve hygiene.

Symptoms: Enlarged abdomen, pale comb and wattles, weight loss. Transmission: Horizontal mainly via pecking, vertical from hen to egg. Control strategies: Eradication of infected stock, biosecurity, breeding for resistance.

Symptoms: Diarrhea, dehydration, reduced egg production. Transmission: Fecal-oral route, contaminated feed and water. Control strategies: Hygiene, pest control, vaccination.

Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, mucus in feces, weight loss. Transmission: Fecal-oral route, ingestion of sporulated oocysts. Control strategies: Coccidiostats in feed, good litter management, rotation of anticoccidials.

Symptoms: Infected navel, depression, poor growth. Transmission: Management and hygiene-related, contaminated hatching environment. Control strategies: Good hatchery hygiene, proper umbilical cord care, antibiotic treatment.

Symptoms: Sulphur-colored droppings, liver lesions, listlessness. Transmission: Fecal-oral route, with cecal worms as vectors. Control strategies: Good worm control, proper biosecurity, quarantine new birds.

Symptoms: Open-mouth breathing, neck stretching, reduced activity. Transmission: Direct from infected feces or indirectly through earthworms. Control strategies: Regular deworming, control of intermediate hosts, good sanitation.

Symptoms: Swollen face, nasal discharge, reduced appetite, drop in egg production. Transmission: Direct contact, contaminated water and feed. Control strategies: Vaccination, culling of infected birds, biosecurity.

Symptoms: Drop in egg production, increased culling rates, weakness. Transmission: Through vectors such as soft-bodied ticks. Control strategies: Tick control, management of wild birds, antibiotics.

Symptoms: Sudden death, fever, skin lesions. Transmission: Soil organism, enters through skin abrasions. Control strategies: Antibiotic treatment, vaccinate at-risk populations, rodent control.