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Art Restoration Basics
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Consolidation
The process of re-adhering or strengthening deteriorating or weakened materials in a work of art.
Inpainting
The technique of restoring lost or damaged parts of a work of art through careful matching of paint and application to blend with the original.
Varnish Removal
The process of taking off the protective varnish layer that, over time, can become discolored or degraded.
Lining
The process of attaching a new canvas to the back of a painting to provide additional support.
Retouching
The process of correcting damage or wear on the surface tier of a painting using colors that match the original paint.
Cleaning
A delicate operation to remove surface dirt, discolored varnish, or old restorations from a work of art.
Filling
A treatment used to fill in areas of loss or damage, often with gesso or a similar material, to prepare the surface for inpainting.
Condition Report
A detailed report documenting the current state of a work of art, noting any damages, deterioration, and previous restorations.
UV Fluorescence Examination
A diagnostic technique that utilizes ultraviolet light to detect varnish layers, old restorations, and overpaint on artwork.
Stretcher or Strainer
The wooden frame used to stretch and support a canvas artwork.
Museum Glass
A type of high-quality glass used for framing that offers UV protection and reduced reflections.
Reversible Restoration
A restoration approach in which all materials and methods used can be undone without harm to the original work of art.
Patina
A surface appearance of something grown beautiful, especially with age or use, which may include wear, oxidation, and other natural changes.
Direct Transfer Lining
A method of lining in which a new canvas is adhered directly onto the back of the original.
Archival Material
Materials that are durable, stable, and designed to protect works of art from degradation over time.
Gilding
The decorative technique of applying fine gold leaf or powder to solid surfaces such as wood, stone, or metal.
X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry
A non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the composition of materials in a work of art.
Desalination
The process of removing soluble salt deposits from porous materials such as stone, ceramics or wall paintings.
Foxing
Age-related spots and browning that appear on old paper, often caused by fungal growth or metallic impurities.
Humidification
A controlled process used to relax and flatten works on paper or textiles, making them easier to repair or conserve.
Pest Control
The practice of preventing and eliminating insects and other pests that can damage artworks and cultural heritage.
Ethanol Solubility Test
A simple test used to give conservators information about the solubility of varnishes or the binding media in paint.
Craquelure
The network of fine cracks in the paint or varnish of an old painting; it is often natural aging but can also be artificial.
Microclimate Frame
A type of enclosure with a controlled environment to protect sensitive works of art from fluctuations in temperature and humidity.
Adhesive
A substance applied to one surface, or both surfaces, of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
Digital Infrared Reflectography
A technique that allows conservators to see beneath the paint surface of artworks, revealing underdrawings and alterations.
Heritage Science
The interdisciplinary field that applies scientific methods and technologies to the study and preservation of cultural heritage.
Anoxic Treatment
A pest management method that eliminates insects from cultural property by placing items in a low oxygen environment.
Blanching
A visual change in paint films or varnishes characterized by a white, hazy appearance, often due to moisture or solvent exposure.
Provenance Research
The detailed investigation into the ownership history of an artwork, important for authenticity, legal title, and historical significance.
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