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Architectural Drawing Principles
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Scale and Proportion
Accuracy in representing the real-world size of objects and their relative proportions to maintain visual accuracy.
Orthographic Projection
A method of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, with plan, elevation, and section views.
Shading and Shadow
Techniques used to convey depth, form, and the effects of lighting within an architectural drawing.
Line Weight
Use of varied thickness in lines to indicate importance, depth, and hierarchy within the drawing.
Perspective Drawing
A technique used to represent spatial depth and three-dimensional objects on a flat surface.
BIM (Building Information Modeling)
An intelligent 3D model-based process that provides architecture professionals with the tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings.
Construction Documentation
Comprehensive detailed drawings and specifications for the construction team, covering every aspect of the building process.
Elevation Drawing
Depicts the exterior vertical dimensions and finishes of each side of the building.
Rendering
The process of adding color, texture, and lighting to architectural drawings to create lifelike images of buildings.
Axonometric Drawing
A form of orthographic projection where the object is represented with a three-dimensional appearance but without perspective.
Cross-Referencing
Method to interconnect different parts of architectural drawings for easy navigation and understanding of the relationship between multiple views.
As-Built Drawings
Drawings created after the completion of construction that reflect all changes made during the building process.
Texture Representation
Illustrating the surface quality of materials in the drawing to provide a sense of realism.
Detailing
Elaboration of particular areas of the drawing to convey precise construction or design elements.
Section Drawing
Illustrates a view of a building as if cut along an imaginary plane, showing its internal features and structure.
Technical Drafting
The creation of precise architectural drawings using drafting tools or CAD software according to professional standards.
Schematic Design
An initial design phase where general spatial arrangements and conceptual design are explored and represented.
Sustainable Design Integration
Incorporating environmentally responsible elements into architectural drawings that reduces the negative impacts on the environment.
Site Planning
Drawing representations that show the design's relationship to its surrounding context and landscape.
Conceptual Sketching
Rough drawings that communicate basic ideas, forms, and spatial relationships in the early stages of design.
Annotated Diagrams
Drawings that include notes and labels to explain specific aspects, features, or functions of the building design.
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