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In cartooning, timing refers to when events happen and how long they last, while spacing deals with the distance characters or objects move between frames. Emphasizing a pause or speeding up action are applications of these principles.

Color theory in cartooning involves choosing colors that contribute to storytelling, character moods, and scene atmospheres, and understanding the relationships between colors.

Solid drawing in cartooning ensures that characters are drawn with a sense of three-dimensionality and volume, despite their stylized nature.

Stylization in cartooning is the process of creating artwork that conforms to a particular style or aesthetic, which can be seen in the distinct look of characters in specific animated shows.

Simplification in cartooning involves reducing objects to their essential, recognizable features, often using basic shapes and lines. For example, a cartoon face might be represented just by a circle, dots for eyes, and a line for the mouth.

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to animals, objects, or abstract concepts. An example is Mickey Mouse, an anthropomorphic mouse who walks and talks like a human.

Facial expressions in cartoons are often simplified but must accurately convey a wide range of emotions, such as joy, sadness, anger, or fear, to enhance storytelling.

Consistency is maintaining the same stylistic and physical attributes of characters and settings throughout a work, which helps in creating a cohesive cartoon universe.

Exaggeration is a technique used to stress certain characteristics or actions to create a humorous or dramatic effect, such as a character with oversized eyes to express surprise.

Perspective in cartooning involves creating the illusion of depth and space, ensuring that objects appear smaller as they get further away and that characters interact realistically with their environment.

Panel transitions in comic book cartooning involve the manner in which consecutive panels are separated and how they guide the reader’s eye from one panel to the next, influencing the story’s pacing and flow.

The line of action is an imaginary line that runs through a character’s body to represent the direction of movement and the figure's flow, adding dynamism to the pose.

Appeal in cartooning is about creating characters and environments that are interesting and engaging to the audience, often featuring a pleasing design, clear emotional expressions, and relatable characteristics.

Caricature involves creating a portrait of a person in which distinct features are exaggerated for comic effect, such as a large nose or a pronounced jawline.

The silhouette principle in cartooning states that characters should be recognizable simply by their silhouettes, achieved by clear and distinguishable outlines.

Secondary action adds supplementary movements to the main action to give more life to a scene, like a character’s hair bouncing while they walk.

Composition in cartooning is the arrangement of visual elements in a panel or scene to guide the viewer’s eye and emphasize certain aspects of the narrative or action.

Squash and stretch is an animation principle that gives the illusion of weight and volume to characters as they move. A ball squashing on impact and stretching when thrown is an example.

Conveying weight in cartooning means ensuring that characters and objects interact with their environment in a believable manner, such as showing a character straining to lift a heavy object.