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Concerns the lightness or darkness of a drawing and is crucial for illustrating depth.

Uses differences in elements such as color, value, and size to create visual interest and focus.

Uses repetition to create visual tempo or beat.

Adds emotion, mood, and depth to the drawing.

Used to define space, contours, and outlines, or suggest mass and volume.

Turns a flat shape into a three-dimensional object using shading and perspective.

Achieved when all components of art work well together and look as though they belong in the composition.

Refers to the size of an object in relation to another within the drawing.

Refers to the relative size of parts of a whole (elements within an object or objects within a drawing).

Simulates the surface quality of an object, such as roughness or smoothness.

Creates a sense of harmony and wholeness by using similar elements throughout the drawing.

The path the viewer’s eye takes through the artwork, often to a focal area.

Achieved by arranging elements so that no one part of the drawing overpowers or seems heavier than any other part.

Refers to the illusion of depth within a drawing.

Defines objects within the drawing and contributes to the overall composition.