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Texture is created using tightly spiraled circular marks. It is used for smooth skin textures in portrait drawings and can provide a more organic feel.

Creating texture and shade using dots. The closer and darker the dots, the darker the value. It's often utilized in pen and ink drawings.

A loose, freeform technique used to create texture. Scribbling can be controlled or chaotic and is often used for expressive lines and rapid visualization.

A drawing method involving the creation of texture with a controlled, scribble-like motion. Often used for random, uneven textures.

Similar to stippling, pointillism involves the use of distinct points of color, which are blended visually. Often used in color drawings to mix hues without physically mixing them.

Shading along the contours of a form to give the illusion of volume. It helps in suggesting the 3D form and is used for realistic drawings.

A basic pencil or charcoal technique where lines are drawn back and forth in short strokes. It is the foundational method for building up texture and shading.

A method where two layers of hatching intersect. It allows for richness in tone and texture. Ideal for building a range of values in pencil or ink drawings.

Creating shade and texture by drawing closely spaced parallel lines. Used for suggesting value and form without using full shading.

Like hatching, but with lines that vary in width, direction, or density to create more dynamic textures and tones.

Smoothing and combining drawing marks, often with a blending stump, finger, or cloth. Used to create smooth transitions between tones.

A technique where the artist deliberately blurs lines and shading for a soft, hazy appearance. Often used with soft pencils, charcoal or pastels.

A technique that involves scratching through a top layer to reveal an underlying layer. Often used with crayon or oil pastel layered over ink.

Using a brush with minimal paint to achieve a scratchy, textured effect. Often used to create rough surfaces or the illusion of hair or grass.

Drawing around the space surrounding an object to define the shape of the object itself. It helps in emphasizing the light aspects of an image or to carve out shapes.

Using a diluted ink applied with a brush to create different tones and values, similar to watercolor painting. Good for achieving a wide range of grays.

Lines that run across a form in curving directions to illustrate the volume of the object. Used to communicate the 3D form of the subject.

Smooth transition from light to dark. It is used to create a sense of depth and three-dimensionality on a flat surface.

Using an eraser to create value by removing medium from an already darkened surface. It's a subtractive technique often used to create highlights.