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Fundamental Landscape Architecture Terms
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Folly
A purely decorative building or structure in a garden or landscape that has no practical purpose.
Ecotone
A transitional area between two ecological communities, with characteristics of both and often high biodiversity.
Rectilinear
Characterized by straight lines, and right angles, commonly used in formal landscape design.
Hardscape
The non-living elements of landscaping, such as walkways, walls, patios, and rocks.
Riparian
Pertaining to the interface between land and a flowing surface water body, important in ecology and resource management.
Terracing
Creating graduated flat areas in a sloped landscape, which can reduce erosion and make steep land more usable.
Green Roof
A roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation planted over a waterproofing membrane.
Zoning
The process of planning for land use in a way that groups certain kinds of construction and land use in one area.
Vista
A designed or natural viewpoint that creates a framed view of a landscape, structure, or feature.
Curvilinear
Arranged in or characterized by curved lines, as opposed to rectilinear, which involves straight lines.
Greenway
A corridor of protected open space managed for conservation and recreation purposes, linking parks, nature reserves, or cultural features.
Retaining Wall
A structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation.
Sustainable Design
Design practices that reduce negative impacts on the environment, and the health and comfort of building occupants.
Brownfield
A property which has the presence or potential to be a hazardous waste, pollutant, or contaminant.
Berm
A raised section of earth used for screening or improving drainage; it can also add aesthetic contours to the landscape.
Pergola
An outdoor structure consisting of a framework covered with trained climbing or trailing plants.
Xeriscaping
A landscaping method that uses drought-resistant plants and techniques to conserve water.
Pavilion
An open-sided, often temporary structure or shelter in a park, garden, or recreational area.
Water Feature
A design element that incorporates water in the landscape, like fountains, ponds, streams, or waterfalls.
Rain Garden
A shallow, vegetated basin that collects and absorbs runoff from impervious urban areas, like rooftops, driveways, walkways, and compacted lawn areas.
Axis
An imaginary line that organizes a sequence of spaces or elements in the landscape.
Softscape
The living, horticultural elements of landscaping, such as plants, flowers, grass, and trees.
Swale
A low-lying or depressed and often wet stretch of land which is used for drainage or as a boundary feature.
Biophilia
The inherent human tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life.
Allee
A walkway lined with trees or tall shrubs which creates a sense of enclosure and elongates the perspective.
Gazebo
A freestanding, open-sided structure usually covered with a roof, providing shade and a decorative feature in a landscape.
Topiary
The horticultural practice of shaping plants into ornamental and often elaborate designs by clipping foliage and twigs of trees and shrubs.
Fenestration
The arrangement, proportion, and design of windows in a building, affecting views to and from the landscape.
Labyrinth
A complex and intricate pathway design that leads to a central point, used as a meditative journey or ornamental garden feature.
Native Planting
The use of plants endemic to the region in landscaping to promote local biodiversity and ecosystem health.
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