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The art of creating decorative handwriting or lettering with a pen or brush. Traditional Islamic calligraphy often incorporates verses from the Quran.

A technique of art creation where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque developed this technique during the Cubism movement.

A form of photography used as a fine art medium using photography for creative expression. Ansel Adams for his landscapes and Cindy Sherman for her conceptual portraits are known photographers.

A permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material like egg yolk. Sandro Botticelli's 'The Birth of Venus' is painted in tempera.

A technique where the painting is executed upon freshly laid lime plaster. 'The Last Supper' by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling are significant frescos.

An ancient painting method where pigment is mixed with hot wax and applied to the surface while warm. Jasper Johns' 'Flag' series feature encaustic uses.

The art of making objects from clay and firing them at high temperatures so they become hard. Porcelain, earthenware, and stoneware are types of ceramic works.

An artwork or art exhibition created through actions performed by the artist or other participants, which may be live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted. Marina Abramović's 'The Artist is Present' is a notable example.

A paint medium made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution. Works include Albrecht Durer's 'Young Hare' and Winslow Homer's 'The Blue Boat'.

A printmaking process where protruding surface faces of the printing plate or block are inked; recessed areas are ink free. Linocuts and woodcuts are types of relief printing.

A pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass, or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. The Hagia Sophia contains magnificent examples of Byzantine mosaics.

A form of textile art, traditionally woven on a loom, featuring complex pictorial designs. Medieval and Renaissance tapestries, like 'The Lady and the Unicorn', are celebrated examples.

3D art made by carving, modeling, or assembling materials. Michelangelo's 'David' and Brancusi's 'Bird in Space' are notable examples.

A method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece so that the sculpture seems to rise out of the material, as seen on the friezes of the Parthenon.

A painting technique using oil-based pigments. Famous examples include Van Gogh's 'Starry Night' and da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa'.

A printing process that uses a flat stone or metal plate on which the image areas are worked using a greasy substance so that the ink will adhere to them. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is known for his lithographic posters.

A drawing technique involving the application of ink to a surface usually with the use of a pen, a drawing instrument with a pointed nib. Notable works include Leonardo da Vinci's 'Vitruvian Man'.

An art form that combines various traditionally distinct visual art media within a single artwork. Mixed media can include the use of paints, papers, wood, and found objects.

A type of East Asian brush painting using black ink—the same as used in East Asian calligraphy. The technique is typically taught in monochrome, possessive of a range of tones and shading. Sesshu Toyo's 'Landscape of Four Seasons' is a classic example.

A printmaking technique of the intaglio family, in which an image is incised into a plate with a hard-pointed 'needle' of sharp metal. Rembrandt used drypoint to add fine details to his prints.

A type of printmaking made by drawing or painting on a smooth, non-absorbent surface. The image is then transferred onto a sheet of paper by pressing the two together. Edgar Degas created monotypes with pastel overprints.

An artistic genre of three-dimensional works that are often site-specific and designed to transform the perception of a space. Famous examples include Yayoi Kusama's 'Infinity Mirror Rooms'.

A type of watermedia, similar to watercolor, but with larger pigment particles and a greater ratio of pigment to binder. This results in a more opaque paint that dries to a matte finish. Henri Matisse often used gouache in his works.

A printmaking technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. Works by Andy Warhol like 'Marilyn Monroe' showcase this technique.

A relief printing technique where an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while non-printing parts are removed. Albrecht Durer's 'The Four Horsemen' is a famous example.

An Italian artistic term used to describe the dramatic effect of contrasting areas of light and dark in artwork, particularly paintings. It's prominently featured in the works of Caravaggio and Rembrandt.

A fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. Artists like David Hockney used it in works such as 'A Bigger Splash'.

Art created through digital technology as part of the production or creative process. This can include digital paintings, 3D models, and digital installations. Artists like David McLeod create mesmerizing digital art.

A form of dry art medium made of finely ground organic materials that are held together by a gum or wax binder. Charcoal drawings are known for their dark, rich lines and deep tones.