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Renaissance Art 101

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The Baptism of Christ

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Painting by Leonardo da Vinci and Andrea del Verrocchio, illustrating the religious scene of Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist.

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Contrapposto

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A stance often used in sculpture where the human figure stands with most of its weight on one foot, giving the body an S-shaped curve and a sense of movement.

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The Ambassadors

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Hans Holbein the Younger's painting featuring two diplomats with an array of detailed objects, exemplifying the era's fascination with precision and symbolism.

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Grisaille

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A style of monochromatic painting in shades of grey, intended to look like sculpture and used in Renaissance art for decorative purposes.

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Linear Perspective

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Mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and depth on a flat surface, involving a fixed point of view and a horizon line.

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The Birth of Venus

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Sandro Botticelli’s portrayal of the goddess Venus emerging from the sea, symbolizing beauty and love.

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The Vitruvian Man

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Leonardo da Vinci's drawing that illustrates the ideal human body proportions as described by architect Vitruvius, exemplifying the blend of art and science.

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Primavera

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Sandro Botticelli's allegorical painting of the arrival of spring, filled with mythological symbolism.

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Sistine Chapel Ceiling

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Michelangelo's epic fresco series in the Vatican, depicting Biblical scenes from the Creation to the story of Noah and the Last Judgment.

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The Triumph of Galatea

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Raphael's fresco showing the sea-nymph Galatea, renowned for its depiction of movement and light-hearted expression of the divine.

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Sfumato

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A painting technique for softening transitions between colors and tones, used by artists like Leonardo da Vinci to create a smoky effect.

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Pieta

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Michelangelo's sculpture of the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus, renowned for its emotional impact and exquisite detail.

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Mona Lisa

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Leonardo da Vinci's portrait of Lisa Gherardini, notable for its exquisite detail and enigmatic expression.

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Baptistery Doors

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Lorenzo Ghiberti's 'Gates of Paradise', which are the eastern doors of the Florence Baptistery, celebrated for their relief sculptures representing biblical scenes.

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Fresco

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A technique of mural painting upon freshly laid lime plaster, allowing the pigments to merge with the wall surface.

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The School of Athens

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Raphael's fresco representing philosophy, with depictions of famous Greek philosophers, highlighting mastery in perspective.

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Chiaroscuro

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An artistic technique that uses strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects and the human body.

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The Creation of Adam

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Michelangelo's fresco on the Sistine Chapel ceiling showcasing the Biblical creation narrative with a dynamic touch of God and Adam.

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David

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Michelangelo's marble statue exemplifying the Renaissance's focus on anatomical perfection and humanism.

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Venus of Urbino

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Titian's painting portraying a sensuously reclined woman in her boudoir, an example of the Venetian school's art.

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Allegory of the Cave

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Plato's philosophical concept often depicted in Renaissance art, signifying mankind’s struggle between the ignorance of illusion and the enlightenment of truth.

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Donatello’s David

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The first freestanding nude male sculpture made since antiquity, representing the biblical hero with a mix of classical and contemporary influences.

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Palazzo

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Large and splendid residences or public buildings of Italy during the Renaissance, often exhibiting classical architectural elements.

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The Annunciation

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Leonardo da Vinci's early painting of the angel Gabriel's announcement to the Virgin Mary, notable for its detailed landscape and graceful figures.

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The Arnolfini Portrait

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Jan van Eyck's painting depicting Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife, notable for its use of oil paints and attention to detail.

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Humanism

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An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements, emphasizing the study of classical culture and literature.

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Madonna of the Goldfinch

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Raphael's painting of the Virgin Mary with Christ Child and John the Baptist, significant for its charm, composed expressions, and harmonious colours.

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The Last Supper

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Leonardo da Vinci's depiction of Jesus and his disciples dining, well-known for its perspective and use of space.

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Perspective

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A technique that allows artists to depict a three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface, giving a sense of depth.

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The Battle of San Romano

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Paolo Uccello's painting portraying the Florentine victory over Siena, notable for its early use of perspective to depict a complex battle scene.

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