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Periods of Classical Art

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Gothic Art

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Recognized by Gothic architecture, stained glass windows, and illuminated manuscripts. Key artists: Cimabue, Giotto, Jan van Eyck.

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Ancient Egyptian Art

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Characterized by hieroglyphics, massive structures, and pharaoh iconography. Key artists: Imhotep, Thutmose (probably created the Bust of Nefertiti).

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Romanticism

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Emphasizes emotion, individualism, and nature. Key artists: Francisco Goya, Eugene Delacroix, Caspar David Friedrich.

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Dada

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Known for its nonsensical and absurd approach, as well as satirical critiques. Key artists: Marcel Duchamp, Hannah Höch, Max Ernst.

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Baroque Art

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Known for its drama, movement, and grandeur. Key artists: Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt.

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Rococo Art

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Characterized by ornate decorations, pastel colors, and light subject matter. Key artists: Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Antoine Watteau, François Boucher.

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Cubism

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Characterized by deconstructed subjects represented in multiple views. Key artists: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan Gris.

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Surrealism

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Focuses on unlocking the unconscious mind through bizarre imagery. Key artists: Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, Joan Miró.

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Abstract Expressionism

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Emphasizes spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. Key artists: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning.

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Ancient Roman Art

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Characterized by realistic portraiture and extensive use of frescoes. Key artists: Apelles, not many known by name.

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Impressionism

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Known for its loose brushwork and depiction of light. Key artists: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas.

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Ancient Greek Art

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Known for its sculptures, pottery, and architecture. Key artists: Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles.

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Byzantine Art

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Noted for its religious iconography, mosaics, and ornate churches. Key artists: Andrei Rublev, not many known by name.

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Renaissance Art

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Characterized by emphasis on humanism, proportion, and perspective. Key artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael.

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Neoclassical Art

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Inspired by classical antiquity, with simplicity and symmetry. Key artists: Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Antonio Canova.

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Realism

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Focus on depicting everyday scenes and people as they are. Key artists: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Édouard Manet.

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Expressionism

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Aims to represent the world subjectively and evoke moods. Key artists: Edvard Munch, Wassily Kandinsky, Egon Schiele.

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Post-Impressionism

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Builds on Impressionism but with a greater emphasis on emotion and structure. Key artists: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat.

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Fauvism

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Features wild brushwork and strident colors. Key artists: Henri Matisse, André Derain, Raoul Dufy.

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Mannerism

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Features elongation of figures, exaggerated poses, and tension. Key artists: El Greco, Jacopo Pontormo, Parmigianino.

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