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Developed theories of cinematic realism, argued for the 'ontology' of the photographic image, founder of Cahiers du Cinéma.

Known for the theory of Montage, particularly 'Intellectual Montage', director of 'Battleship Potemkin'.

Introduced the concept of the 'Male Gaze', author of 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema'.

Emphasized cinema as a reflection of reality, author of 'From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film'.

Pioneered semiotics in film, known for works like 'Film Language'.

Known for his work on film narrative and style, introducing concepts like 'classical Hollywood cinema'.

Philosopher who contributed to film theory, known for concepts such as the 'movement-image' and 'time-image' in his books 'Cinema 1' and 'Cinema 2'.

Applied psychoanalytic theory, particularly Lacanian concepts, to film criticism.

Contributed to film theory through his work as a filmmaker in the French New Wave, championed auteur theory.

Critiqued psychoanalytic film theory and developed a philosophy of art that rejected the notion of a grand theory.

Coined the term 'Cinema of Attractions' to describe early silent films.

Known for her witty, biting film criticism and opposition to the auteur theory.

Championed the auteur theory in the United States, wrote 'The American Cinema: Directors and Directions'.

Pioneered the field of 'body genres' (horror, melodrama, pornography), wrote 'Hard Core: Power, Pleasure, and the 'Frenzy of the Visible''.

Famous for the Kuleshov Effect, a film editing effect demonstrating the power of juxtaposition.

Considered the first to treat the aesthetics of film with philosophical rigor, wrote 'The Aesthetics and Psychology of Cinema'.

Examined how new media technologies affect human perception and social identity, wrote 'Virtual Memory: Time-Based Art and the Dream of Digitality'.

Known for phenomenological approach to film theory, wrote 'The Address of the Eye: A Phenomenology of Film Experience'.

Explored representations of race, sexuality, and star image in film, known for his work 'Stars' and 'White'.