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A light-year is a measurement of distance that represents how far light travels in one year. It is commonly used to express astronomical distances between celestial objects.

A parsec is a unit of distance used in astronomy, equivalent to about 3.26 light-years, defined as the distance at which one astronomical unit subtends an angle of one arcsecond.

The astronomical unit is the average distance from Earth to the Sun, approximately 149.6 million kilometers. It's a convenient measure for distances within our solar system.

Hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), used to measure the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon, such as waves.

Magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a celestial object as seen from Earth. The scale is logarithmic and inverted; a lower number indicates a brighter object.

Redshift is a measure of how much the wavelength of light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object has increased. It can be used to determine the relative speed and distance of galaxies.

Julian Date is a continuous count of days since the beginning of the Julian Period used primarily by astronomers to avoid confusion with dates in historical timekeeping.

Solar Mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy equivalent to the mass of the Sun. It is often used to express the mass of other stars or galaxies.

A bolometer is an instrument used in astronomy to measure the power of incident electromagnetic radiation via the heating of a material with a temperature-dependent electrical resistance.