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Notable Space Probes and Their Missions

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Voyager 2

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Launch year: 1977, Target: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and interstellar space, Mission highlights: Only probe to visit all four outer planets, discovered 14 moons, and provided detailed images of Neptune's Great Dark Spot.

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Curiosity Rover

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Launch year: 2011, Target: Mars, Mission highlights: Investigating Martian climate and geology, assessing whether the selected field site inside Gale Crater ever offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life, searching for water-related minerals.

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Juno

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Launch year: 2011, Target: Jupiter, Mission highlights: Detailed study of Jupiter's atmosphere, gravity, and magnetic fields, high-resolution images of its polar regions, discoveries concerning its auroras.

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Pioneer 10

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Launch year: 1972, Target: Jupiter and interstellar space, Mission highlights: First spacecraft to travel through the asteroid belt, first spacecraft to make direct observations of Jupiter, first human-made object to leave the central Solar System.

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Hubble Space Telescope

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Launch year: 1990, Target: Low Earth orbit, Mission highlights: Revolutionized astrophysics through high-resolution images, helped determine the rate of expansion of the universe, deep field images revealing galaxies at various stages of evolution.

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Mars Pathfinder

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Launch year: 1996, Target: Mars, Mission highlights: Deployed the Sojourner rover, analyzed Martian atmosphere, climate, geology, and the composition of its rocks and soil.

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Kepler Space Telescope

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Launch year: 2009, Target: Outer space, Mission highlights: Discovering thousands of exoplanets by looking for transits, statistical analysis of exoplanet frequency, identification of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone.

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Opportunity Rover

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Launch year: 2003, Target: Mars, Mission highlights: Discovered evidence of ancient habitable environments, found hematite and clay minerals, operated for nearly 15 years before a dust storm ended the mission.

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Rosetta

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Launch year: 2004, Target: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Mission highlights: First spacecraft to orbit a comet, deployed lander Philae which performed the first successful landing on a comet, helped understand cometary composition and activity.

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New Horizons

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Launch year: 2006, Target: Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, Mission highlights: First reconnaissance of Pluto, detailed images of Pluto's surface, data on Pluto's atmosphere, composition, and moons, continued exploration of the Kuiper Belt.

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Galileo

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Launch year: 1989, Target: Jupiter, Mission highlights: First spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, discovered evidence of possible subsurface oceans on Europa, detailed study of Jupiter's moons, and a probe into Jupiter's atmosphere.

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Voyager 1

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Launch year: 1977, Target: Jupiter, Saturn, and interstellar space, Mission highlights: First human-made object to reach interstellar space, discovered 22 new moons, and the famous 'Pale Blue Dot' image.

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Cassini-Huygens

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Launch year: 1997, Target: Saturn and its moons, Mission highlights: Detailed study of Saturn's rings, discovery of water-rich plumes on Enceladus, landing of Huygens probe on Titan, orbiting Saturn for 13 years.

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Parker Solar Probe

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Launch year: 2018, Target: The Sun, Mission highlights: Closest approach to the Sun by any spacecraft, studying solar wind and solar corona, aims to improve our understanding of solar storms.

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Spirit Rover

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Launch year: 2003, Target: Mars, Mission highlights: Found evidence of ancient water activity on Mars, studied rocks and soils, lasted 20 times longer than its initial mission duration before getting stuck in a sand trap.

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