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Basics of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Visible light

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The most familiar range used to study the universe, from planetary surfaces to distant galaxies. Notable for the detailed imagery and spectroscopy it provides.

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Gamma rays

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Highest energy form on the electromagnetic spectrum used to study phenomena like gamma-ray bursts, nuclear fusion in stars, and the decay of radioactive material in space. Terrestrial gamma ray flashes from Earth's atmosphere can also be studied.

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Radio waves

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Used in radio astronomy to study celestial objects like galaxies, quasars, and nebulae. Notable for penetrating through dust clouds and being the longest wavelengths in the spectrum.

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X-rays

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Utilized to study extremely energetic processes and objects, such as black holes, neutron stars, and supernova remnants. Notable for being emitted by some of the hottest and most energetic phenomena in the universe.

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Ultraviolet

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Ultraviolet astronomy can reveal the energetic processes in stars and galaxies, but it is mostly absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and requires space-based observatories. It's notable for the study of hot phenomena like supernovae and active galactic nuclei.

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Infrared

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Infrared astronomy is used to study objects obscured by interstellar dust, such as the galactic center, and to observe the formation of stars and planets. Infrared wavelengths can pass through dust and gas better than visible light.

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Microwaves

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Important for studying the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang. Characterized by their ability to penetrate through the Earth's atmosphere relatively well compared to higher frequencies.

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