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Radio Emission Mechanisms
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Pulsar Emission
Generated by rapidly rotating neutron stars emitting beams of radiation along their magnetic poles, observed as pulses when the beam sweeps past Earth.
Radio Recombination Lines
Produced when electrons fall from higher to lower energy states in ionized atoms, observed in ionized nebulae and the interstellar medium.
Extragalactic Jets
Originating from the regions close to black holes, these jets emit synchrotron radiation detectable at radio wavelengths, observable in distant radio galaxies and quasars.
Cyclotron Radiation
Emission resulting from charged particles accelerating in magnetic fields, typically at low frequencies. It is observed in laboratories and magnetic stars.
Thermal Radiation from Blackbody
Warm objects, such as stars or dust clouds, emit a continuous spectrum of radiation, where peak frequency is related to temperature by Planck's law.
Synchrotron Radiation
Produced by high-speed electrons spiraling through magnetic fields, this mechanism results in a broad spectrum of radiation. It's typically observed in radio galaxies and supernova remnants.
Thermal Bremsstrahlung
Occurs when high-energy electrons are decelerated or deflected by other charges, emitting radiation. Also known as free-free emission, it is seen in hot, ionized gases like those in H II regions or stellar coronae.
Schumann Resonance
A global electromagnetic resonance occurring between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere, it is a very low frequency form of natural radio emission.
Maser Emission
A process involving stimulated emission, masers are microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, commonly found in molecular clouds and around active galactic nuclei.
Coherent Radio Emission
This involves the amplification of radio waves by constructive interference, seen in highly ordered plasma structures.
Plasma Oscillation
Radio waves produced by the collective effects of plasma instability, often created by solar activity or in the Earth's ionosphere.
Gyro-synchrotron Radiation
Emission like synchrotron radiation but involving mildly relativistic particles, typically observed in solar flares and microbursts in the magnetosphere.
Photoionization
Occurs when an atom or molecule absorbs a photon and becomes ionized, the excess kinetic energy can be emitted as radio waves. Often seen surrounding hot young stars.
Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs)
Observed in the X-ray and radio wave emissions of neutron stars and black holes, they reflect complexities in the accretion disk's motion near these dense objects.
Zeeman-Doppler Imaging
A technique that utilizes the Zeeman effect to measure the magnetic field of stars by observing the polarization of radio waves emitted from the stars' surfaces.
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