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Directions given by the judge to the jury concerning the laws pertinent to the case on which they must base their decision.

The initial legal document filed by the plaintiff outlining the facts, legal basis for the lawsuit, and the relief sought.

The formal decision or finding made by a jury, as reported to the court, on matters or questions submitted for their deliberation and determination.

The jury selection process, involving questioning prospective jurors to uncover biases or inability to serve impartially.

The official decision by a judge or a court that resolves the dispute and may order one party to pay money to another, among other decisions.

The phase in a trial where a party's lawyer questions their own witness to elicit favorable facts and establish their narrative.

The defendant's formal response to the plaintiff's complaint, which may include defenses and possible counterclaims.

A meeting between the judge and the attorneys to plan the trial, discuss settlement options, and other procedural matters.

A request by the defendant for the court to dismiss the case on specified grounds, such as lack of jurisdiction or failure to state a claim.

Initial remarks made by each party's attorney to the jury at the start of a trial, outlining what they intend to prove.

The final statements to the jury by the attorneys in a trial, summarizing the evidence and making a last appeal for their respective cases.

A request for the court to rule that the other party has no case, because there are no facts at issue, thus no need for a trial.

The process of seeking a higher court's review of a lower court's decision for the purpose of correcting or changing this decision.

Questioning of a witness by the opposing party's attorney after the direct examination, to challenge their testimony or credibility.