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Understanding the Uniform Commercial Code

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Article 1 - General Provisions

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Defines general terms and principles applicable across the UCC.

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Article 2 - Sales

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Governs the sale of goods and outlines the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers.

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Article 2A - Leases

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Regulates the leasing of goods and clarifies the interests of lessees and lessors.

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Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments

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Covers negotiable instruments including checks, notes, and drafts, and their transfer and enforcement.

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Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections

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Dictates the process of handling checks and other items by banks and the collection process.

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Article 4A - Funds Transfers

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Addresses the rights, responsibilities, and liabilities when electronic funds are transferred between banks.

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Article 5 - Letters of Credit

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Details the use and function of letters of credit, primarily in international trade transactions.

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Article 6 - Bulk Sales

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Deals with the sale of all or a substantial part of the inventory of a business.

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Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading, and Other Documents of Title

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Regulates the storage and transportation of goods, including the legal documents used.

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Article 8 - Investment Securities

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Pertains to the purchase and sale of securities and financial assets.

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Article 9 - Secured Transactions

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Addresses the attachment, perfection, and enforcement of security interests in personal property.

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Scope and Applicability of UCC

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Determines the types of transactions and parties the UCC applies to.

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UCC and Contract Formation

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Modifies the common law contract formation principles for the sale of goods.

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Uniformity and Flexibility of UCC

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Designed to harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions across states, but allows for state-specific variations.

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UCC's Impact on Warranty Law

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Provides specific rules for express and implied warranties in the sale of goods.

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Risk of Loss under UCC

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Establishes when the risk of loss passes from the seller to the buyer.

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Remedies in UCC

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Outlines available remedies for parties suffering losses due to breach of contract.

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UCC and Good Faith Requirement

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Requires parties to act with honesty in fact and observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.

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UCC and Commercial Reasonableness

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Sets standards for what constitutes reasonable behavior and practices in commercial transactions.

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Goods Definition under UCC

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Defines 'goods' as all things movable at the time of identification to the contract for sale.

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