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Censorship and Media
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Prior Restraint
Prior restraint is a judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. Considered unconstitutional in many cases, particularly under the First Amendment.
The Fairness Doctrine
A former policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission, it required the holders of broadcast licenses to present issues in a manner that was honest, equitable, and balanced.
Net Neutrality and Censorship
Net neutrality principles prevent ISPs from prioritizing or blocking content, but the repeal of these rules raises concerns about potential censorship by ISPs.
Self-censorship in Media
Media organizations sometimes engage in self-censorship due to legal pressures, advertiser influence, or the desire to maintain a certain public image, which can limit the diversity of viewpoints.
Censorship in Authoritarian Regimes
Media censorship in authoritarian regimes is often used to maintain political control, suppress opposition, and propagate government ideology.
Film Censorship
Film censorship can be conducted by governmental agencies to suppress content deemed inappropriate or offensive, raising debates about artistic freedom and moral regulation.
Censorship during Wartime
In times of war, governments may tighten media censorship to control information for reasons of national security, while critics argue it suppresses important truths.
Book Banning
Book banning is a form of censorship that involves the removal of books from libraries or schools, often grounded in objections to the content on moral, religious, or political grounds.
The Pentagon Papers Case
The case was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the right of the First Amendment against prior restraint by the government.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
The DMCA includes provisions for copyright management information and allows service providers to limit liability for copyright infringement by taking down alleged infringing content.
The Communications Decency Act
Historically important, the Act aimed to regulate pornographic material on the internet; the anti-indecency provisions were struck down as unconstitutional in 1997.
Hate Speech and Censorship
Hate speech is a contentious area for censorship, balancing the harms of discriminatory speech against the right to free expression.
The Right to be Forgotten
This concept, prevalent in the European Union, allows individuals to have certain data removed from internet searches and databases.
Social Media and Censorship
Social media platforms often employ their own set of community guidelines to moderate content, which can lead to allegations of censorship and bias.
The First Amendment and Censorship
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects freedom of speech and press; however, there are limitations, such as obscenity, which are not protected.
Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)
CIPA requires schools and libraries that receive federal funding to install internet filters to protect children from harmful online content.
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