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In the 1969 case, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Fairness Doctrine, stating that it was an appropriate means of ensuring freedom of speech.

Public broadcasters were impacted by the Fairness Doctrine as it required them to be cautious in handling controversial content to avoid penalties, impacting programming decisions.

The Fairness Doctrine was a policy by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that required broadcasters to present controversial issues of public importance in an honest, equitable, and balanced way.

The Fairness Doctrine applied to radio and television broadcasters who were licensees of the FCC, requiring them to provide multiple perspectives on issues aired.

The Fairness Doctrine intended to ensure that all coverage of political discourse was balanced and that multiple viewpoints were represented, which some argue led to a more informed public.

Under the Fairness Doctrine, the 'Personal Attack' rule required stations to notify and offer reply time to persons who were the subject of a personal attack during a broadcast.

Not to be confused with the Fairness Doctrine, the 'Equal Time' rule mandated that broadcasters offer equal opportunity to any political candidate who requested it.

The Fairness Doctrine was implemented by the FCC in 1949.

The Fairness Doctrine was eliminated in 1987 during the Reagan administration, largely because of a shift towards deregulation and a belief that it was no longer needed.