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Cinematic Terms for Screenwriters

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Montage

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A series of short scenes edited together to show the passage of time or a complex process quickly. For screenwriters, this is a tool to compress time and convey a lot of information economically.

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Voice-over

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Narration by someone not seen on screen, often providing additional background. In screenwriting, it can be used to convey a character's internal thoughts or add another layer of context.

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Act

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One of the major divisions within the script, often determined by a shift in the narrative or a new stage in the story arc. Screenwriters use acts to structure the screenplay and manage pacing.

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Conflict

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The main problem or challenge that drives the story and engages the audience. For screenwriters, it is the essence of drama and what makes a story compelling.

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Climax

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The point of highest tension in a screenplay, where the conflict reaches its peak. It's vital for screenwriters for resolution and payoff.

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Beat

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A moment in the script where a significant shift in the story or emotional tone occurs. For screenwriters, it's a cue for actors to adjust their performance or for the timing of certain actions.

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MacGuffin

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An object, event, or character in a film that serves to set and keep the plot in motion despite lacking intrinsic importance. Screenwriters use this to drive the narrative and create suspense.

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Backstory

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The history of a character or the world before the start of the story. It provides screenwriters a framework for character motivation and depth.

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Diegesis

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The fictional world that the characters inhabit within a screenplay. It's relevant to screenwriters for maintaining consistency in the story and differentiating between on-screen and off-screen elements.

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Antagonist

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The character who opposes the protagonist, often providing the main source of conflict. In screenwriting, a strong antagonist is crucial to create a compelling conflict and drive the narrative.

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Dialogue

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The spoken words between characters in a screenplay. For screenwriters, dialogue is a primary means of character development and storytelling.

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Foreshadowing

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A storytelling device where a writer drops hints about plot developments to come later in the story. A crucial element for screenwriters to create anticipation and build dramatic tension.

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Subplot

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A secondary story with its own arc that supports or contrasts with the main plot. Screenwriters use subplots to develop characters further or to enrich the main story.

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Plot Point

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A significant event within a story that spins the action around in a new direction. They are essential for screenwriters to structure the plot and to keep the audience engaged.

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Resolution

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The part of the script where the story’s central conflicts are resolved, providing closure. This is crucial for screenwriters to deliver a satisfying end to the audience.

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Protagonist

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The main character of the screenplay whose journey the story follows. Screenwriters must ensure that the protagonist is compelling and that their arc drives the narrative.

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Exposition

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Information necessary for understanding the story’s context, such as background events, character relationships, or setting. Screenwriters must weave exposition naturally into dialogue or action.

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Three-Act Structure

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A narrative model where a story is divided into three parts: setup, confrontation, and resolution. It's fundamental for screenwriters as it provides a blueprint for pacing the narrative and organizing story events.

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Inciting Incident

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An event that propels the main story into motion, typically occurring in the first act. This is crucial for screenwriters to introduce the main narrative and hook the audience.

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Mise-en-scène

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Everything that appears before the camera within a shot, including actors, lighting, décor, and props. It's relevant to screenwriting as scripts may suggest important elements of mise-en-scène to set the tone and mood.

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