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Screenwriting for Television
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Dialogue
TV dialogue tends to be snappier and more concise to retain viewer interest and fit into shorter, episodic formats, compared with the typically more expansive dialogue in films.
Series Bible
TV screenwriters often develop a series bible outlining characters, settings, and plots for guidance throughout the series. Film screenplays are self-contained and do not require this.
Commercials and Act Breaks
Television scripts include act breaks for commercials, requiring narrative mini-climaxes, unlike film scripts which do not have built-in interruptions.
Setup and Payoff
In TV, setups and payoffs can occur over multiple episodes or even seasons, while in film, they are usually confined to the film’s duration.
Pacing and Beats
TV episodes must pace their story to fit within a set running time, often with commercial breaks, which is different from films that have the flexibility to vary in length.
Pilot Episodes
The pilot is designed to introduce the world, characters, and potential of the series. Films do this within the first act without the need to sell the concept for future installments.
Episode Structure
TV episodes typically follow a multi-act structure, often 4-5 acts, concluding with a cliffhanger to encourage viewers to return. This differs from films which usually have a three-act structure with a definitive ending.
Writing for Actors
TV writers often tailor scripts to the strengths of their actors over time, seldom the case in film where scripts are usually written before casting.
Teaser Scenes
TV episodes often start with a teaser scene to draw viewers in, a technique not necessary in film which relies on trailers and marketing for initial audience engagement.
Recurring Themes and Motifs
TV shows can explore themes and motifs more deeply over time, whereas films must establish and resolve them within a limited timeframe.
Midseason and Season Finales
TV storytelling includes midseason and season finales that often feature major plot twists or cliffhangers to maintain viewer interest during breaks. Films tell a complete story in one viewing.
A/B/C Storylines
TV screenwriting often includes multiple storylines within an episode, referred to as A, B, and C storylines. Films typically focus on one main plotline with fewer, if any, subplots.
Character Arcs Over Seasons
TV allows for character development over many episodes and seasons, compared to film where characters must complete their growth within the standalone story.
Network Standards
TV scripts must adhere to network or platform standards and practices, including content restrictions. Films generally have more leeway with content based on rating systems.
Showrunner's Role
A TV showrunner oversees the creative direction and production, often also being the head writer, while films are typically director-driven with the screenwriter's role ending after the script is complete.
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