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Clustering Algorithms

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Hierarchical Clustering

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Builds a tree of clusters by either successively merging or splitting clusters based on a distance measure. Ideal for discovering hierarchical relationships and when the number of clusters is not known.

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OPTICS (Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure)

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Similar to DBSCAN, but creates an ordered list of points representing a clustering structure. Ideal for data with varying density and when cluster separation is not clear.

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DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)

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Clusters data based on density estimation and is robust to outliers. It can discover clusters of arbitrary shape and is ideal for spatial data with noise.

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K-Means Clustering

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A partitioning method that divides data into non-overlapping subsets (clusters) by minimizing the variance within each cluster. Ideal for spherical cluster shapes and large datasets.

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Affinity Propagation

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Exchanges messages between data points until a set of exemplars (cluster centers) emerges. Ideal for small to medium size datasets and when the number of clusters is not known.

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Mean Shift Clustering

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A centroid-based algorithm that updates candidates for centroids to be the mean of the points within a given region. Ideal for complex cluster shapes and when the number of clusters is not known.

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Spectral Clustering

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Uses eigenvalues of a similarity matrix to reduce dimensionality before clustering in fewer dimensions. It's ideal for clustering non-convex clusters or when the graph representation of data is available.

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Expectation-Maximization (EM) Clustering using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM)

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A probabilistic model that assumes data points are generated from a mixture of several Gaussian distributions. Ideal for soft-clustering and when there is a hidden, not observable parameter.

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