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Canning and Jarring Basics

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Pressure Canning

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A method used to preserve low-acid foods by using a specialized pressure canner to reach higher temperatures than boiling water.

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Water Bath Canning

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A process where jars are filled with food, covered with lids, and placed in a large pot of simmering water for a specific amount of time.

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Head Space

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The space between the surface of the food in the jar and the underside of the lid, which allows for food expansion and proper sealing.

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Oxidation

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A chemical reaction involving oxygen that can lead to color and flavor changes in canned foods, particularly if jars are not sealed properly.

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Acidification

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The process of adding acid (usually lemon juice or vinegar) to foods before canning to lower the pH and prevent microbial growth.

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Hot Pack

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A canning method where food is heated before being placed into jars and then processed, which helps to remove air and increase jar shelf life.

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Pickle

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The process of preserving food by fermenting it in brine (salt water) or marinating it in a vinegar-based solution.

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Syneresis

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Also known as weeping, it refers to the separation of liquid from a gel, which can occur in gelled items like jelly due to improper balance of pectin, sugar, and acid.

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Raw Pack

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A canning technique where food is put into jars uncooked and then processed, often resulting in more floating and less color retention.

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Gel Point

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The temperature at which a jam or jelly reaches the right consistency for setting when cooled, typically around 220°F (104°C) at sea level.

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Retort Pouch

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A flexible, heat-sealable, flat container used for the high-temperature processing and packaging of food, offering an alternative to traditional canning.

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Processing Time

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The duration that canned food must be heated under specific conditions to ensure the destruction of bacteria and proper sealing of jars.

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Jellying

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A technique used to make jellies and jams where the natural pectins in fruit are combined with sugar and acid to form a gel.

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Brine

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A high concentration solution of salt in water used in the pickling process to preserve and flavor the food.

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Botulism

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A potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which can occur in improperly canned foods.

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Exhausting

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The process of removing air from the contents of a jar by heating before sealing, helping to create a vacuum seal during cooling.

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Vacuum Sealing

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A technique used during canning where the air is removed from the jar to create a vacuum, which helps to seal the lid in place upon cooling.

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Adjustment for Altitude

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Changing the processing time or pressure in canning based on elevation since boiling point of water decreases as altitude increases, affecting sterilization.

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Sterilization

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The process of killing all microorganisms in the canning jar and its contents by heating them to a sufficient temperature for a specific duration.

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Lug Lid

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A type of jar lid with threads that screw on and off the jar, designed to form an airtight seal during the canning process.

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