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The lowest layer, where weather phenomena occur, and it contains approximately 80% of the Earth's atmosphere mass. Aircraft fly here because it is the most stable layer with the least amount of turbulence.

Second layer from Earth, contains the ozone layer which absorbs ultraviolet radiation, gives rise to smooth flying conditions away from most weather events, suitable for long-haul flights.

The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere, characterizes a limit to where weather can occur, often associated with a temperature inversion which affects flight strategies and planning.

Part of the stratosphere, contains high concentration of ozone which protects living organisms from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, has implications for aircraft design due to exposure to higher UV levels at altitude.

Region from the thermosphere extending into the exosphere, contains ions and free electrons which can affect radio wave propagation, relevant for aviation communications and GPS signals.

Third layer from Earth, meteors often burn up in this layer, experiencing ablation, it is too high for commercial aircraft and too low for satellites, and not typically relevant for standard aircraft flight.

Fast flowing, narrow air currents found in the atmosphere of some planets, including Earth, typically in the stratosphere, can be utilized by aircraft to save fuel and time on long-distance routes.

The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, gradually fades into space, too thin for aerospace vehicles to gain aerodynamic lift, relevance is primarily for spacecraft transitioning to and from space.

Fourth layer from Earth, contains the ionosphere which aids in radio communications and contains the International Space Station in Low Earth Orbit, not relevant for conventional aircraft flight.