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Flight Instrumentation
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Airspeed Indicator
Displays the aircraft's speed relative to the surrounding air. Helps in preventing stall and overspeed conditions.
Attitude Indicator
Shows the aircraft's orientation relative to Earth's horizon. Provides pitch and roll information.
Altimeter
Displays aircraft altitude above mean sea level. Important for terrain clearance and maintaining flight levels.
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
Indicates climb or descent rate in feet per minute. Helps in maintaining a desired ascent/descent profile.
Heading Indicator
Displays aircraft's magnetic or gyroscopic heading. Essential for navigation and course alignment.
Turn Coordinator
Shows rate of turn and roll information. Assists in maintaining coordinated turns.
Magnetic Compass
Provides magnetic heading information. Backup for the gyroscopic heading indicator.
Angle of Attack Indicator
Shows the angle between the chord line of the wing and the oncoming air. Helps prevent stalls.
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)
Combines the functions of a heading indicator and VOR/ILS display. Simplifies navigation readings and course management.
Airborne Weather Radar
Detects weather patterns and precipitation intensity. Enhances situational awareness and safety during flight.
Engine Indicators
Monitor engine performance parameters such as RPM, temperature, and fuel flow. Critical for engine management and efficiency.
Fuel Quantity Indicator
Displays the amount of fuel remaining in the tanks. Essential for fuel management and avoiding fuel starvation.
Oxygen System Indicator
Monitors the status and pressure of the onboard oxygen system. Important for high-altitude flight safety.
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)
Provides collision avoidance recommendations by monitoring the airspace for other aircraft. Enhances midair collision prevention.
Flight Director System
Gives pilot specific attitude guidance for aircraft control. Used for precision flying and instrument approaches.
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)
Warns the pilot of an imminent ground collision. Helps avoid controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
Records multiple parameters of flight performance. Used for accident investigation and analyzing aircraft systems.
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)
Records the audio environment in the cockpit. Used for post-incident analysis and improving flight safety.
Autopilot
Automatically controls the aircraft's flight path. Reduces pilot workload and ensures stable flight.
Standby Attitude Indicator
Serves as a backup to the primary attitude indicator. Ensures continued flight stability in case of primary instrument failure.
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