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Flight Instrumentation

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Attitude Indicator

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Shows the aircraft's orientation relative to Earth's horizon. Provides pitch and roll information.

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Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)

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Combines the functions of a heading indicator and VOR/ILS display. Simplifies navigation readings and course management.

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Altimeter

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Displays aircraft altitude above mean sea level. Important for terrain clearance and maintaining flight levels.

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Turn Coordinator

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Shows rate of turn and roll information. Assists in maintaining coordinated turns.

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Airborne Weather Radar

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Detects weather patterns and precipitation intensity. Enhances situational awareness and safety during flight.

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Angle of Attack Indicator

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Shows the angle between the chord line of the wing and the oncoming air. Helps prevent stalls.

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Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

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Indicates climb or descent rate in feet per minute. Helps in maintaining a desired ascent/descent profile.

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Airspeed Indicator

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Displays the aircraft's speed relative to the surrounding air. Helps in preventing stall and overspeed conditions.

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Magnetic Compass

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Provides magnetic heading information. Backup for the gyroscopic heading indicator.

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Heading Indicator

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Displays aircraft's magnetic or gyroscopic heading. Essential for navigation and course alignment.

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Engine Indicators

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Monitor engine performance parameters such as RPM, temperature, and fuel flow. Critical for engine management and efficiency.

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Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)

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Warns the pilot of an imminent ground collision. Helps avoid controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

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Flight Director System

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Gives pilot specific attitude guidance for aircraft control. Used for precision flying and instrument approaches.

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Fuel Quantity Indicator

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Displays the amount of fuel remaining in the tanks. Essential for fuel management and avoiding fuel starvation.

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Flight Data Recorder (FDR)

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Records multiple parameters of flight performance. Used for accident investigation and analyzing aircraft systems.

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Standby Attitude Indicator

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Serves as a backup to the primary attitude indicator. Ensures continued flight stability in case of primary instrument failure.

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Oxygen System Indicator

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Monitors the status and pressure of the onboard oxygen system. Important for high-altitude flight safety.

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Autopilot

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Automatically controls the aircraft's flight path. Reduces pilot workload and ensures stable flight.

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Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

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Records the audio environment in the cockpit. Used for post-incident analysis and improving flight safety.

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Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)

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Provides collision avoidance recommendations by monitoring the airspace for other aircraft. Enhances midair collision prevention.

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