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Naturally occurring radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer upon long-term exposure. Context: indoor air quality monitoring.

Use of materials to protect from radiation by absorbing or deflecting particles or rays. Context: design of nuclear facilities and safety equipment.

Radiation absorbed dose unit, now largely replaced by the gray. Equal to the absorption of 100 ergs of energy per gram of tissue. Context: historical radiation measurement.

Process of removing or neutralizing radioactive material from a person, place, or object to reduce potential radiation exposure. Context: after a contamination event.

Health effects of radiation that increase in severity with higher doses and have a threshold below which they do not occur. Example: radiation burns. Context: clinical radiology.

Series of radioactive decays from one isotope to another until a stable isotopic form is reached. Context: understanding radionuclide behavior in the environment.

Another term for radiotherapy, which is the medical use of radiation to treat diseases, predominantly cancer. Context: treatment planning in oncology.

Presence of radioactive material in an unwanted location, posing a potential hazard. Context: nuclear accidents or improper material disposal.

Medical use of radiation to treat diseases, especially cancer, by damaging the DNA of target cells. Context: oncology and radiation medicine.

The splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei, accompanied by the release of energy and neutrons. Context: nuclear reactors and bombs.

Health effects of radiation that occur by chance and increase in probability with dose but not in severity. Example: cancer. Context: radiation protection guidelines.

Neutral particles ejected from nuclei during fission and fusion reactions, capable of initiating further reactions. Context: crucial for maintaining nuclear chain reactions.

A conventional explosive combined with radioactive materials, often referred to as a 'dirty bomb'. Context: concerns of radiological terrorism.

The fraction of energy emitted from a radioactive source that is absorbed by a target organ or tissue. Context: dosimetry calculations in health physics.

Process where atoms or molecules acquire a charge by gaining or losing electrons due to radiation. Context: fundamental concept in radiation chemistry.

An instrument used for detecting or measuring radiation by sensing the particles or energy emitted. Context: Monitoring and safety in nuclear settings.

A device used to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Context: energy production, naval propulsion, or research.

The maximum allowable radiation exposure levels for workers in radiation-related fields. Context: safety standards in the nuclear industry.

Acronym for 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable', a principle in radiation protection to minimize exposure. Context: radiation safety practices.

The route by which radioactive material can enter a living organism. Context: risk assessment and management.

The spread of nuclear weapons and weapon technology. Context: an international security and diplomatic concern.

A health condition caused by high doses of radiation, leading to symptoms like nausea, hair loss, and decreased organ function. Context: Acute exposure incidents.

The study of the biological effects of ionizing radiation on living tissues. Context: understanding and mitigating radiation-related health risks.

A portable device worn to measure and record the cumulative radiation dose received over time. Context: personal radiation monitoring.

Roentgen equivalent man, an older unit of equivalent dose replaced by the sievert. Context: historical exposure tracking in the United States.

A nuclear reaction where light nuclei combine into a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. Context: researched as a potential clean energy source.

High-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by nuclear decay, capable of reaching deep into tissues. Context: imaging, treatment, and measurement in nuclear medicine.

An event that leads to, or could potentially lead to, significant radiation exposure to people or the environment. Context: response planning for nuclear accidents.

High-speed electrons or positrons emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, with moderate penetration power. Context: both external and internal radiation hazard.

The activity of a radionuclide per unit mass of the element or compound. Context: radiopharmaceuticals and industrial applications.

Unit of equivalent dose that factors in biological effects of different types of radiation. Context: assessing radiation risk to human tissue.

Radioactive by-products from nuclear power generation, weapon making, or other applications. Context: challenge in long-term environmental stewardship.

The amount of radiation energy directly falling upon a surface or absorbed by a shield. Context: assessing shielding effectiveness and external exposure.

Unit of radioactive decay equal to one disintegration per second. Used to quantify radioactivity.

Helium nuclei emitted during certain types of radioactive decay. They are heavy and highly charged, leading to high energy deposition over a short range. Context: internal radiation hazard.

The three key principles used to protect individuals from exposure to ionizing radiation. Context: fundamental safety strategies in radiation protection.

A risk assessment model that posits a linear relationship between dose and the probability of cancer, with no safe threshold. Context: radiation regulatory policies.

A defined space where occupational exposure to radiation is regulated and protection measures are implemented. Context: workplace safety in nuclear sectors.

Radiation dose to a person from an intake of radioactive material over a specified period, usually the remainder of the person's life. Context: long-term exposure consequences.

The period of time it takes for a radioactive substance to decay to half of its original amount. Context: describing the behavior of radionuclides.

Unit of absorbed dose measuring energy imparted by radiation per mass of tissue. Context: gauging tissue energy absorption.

A procedure to determine the kinds or quantities of radioactive material in the human body. Context: internal exposure monitoring.