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Collapse of historic fisheries, disrupting the balance of marine ecosystems and local economies.

Reduction in genetic diversity, increased vulnerability to diseases, and potential extinction if fishing rates persist.

Ecosystem stress leading to a reduction in certain species, changes in community structure, and altered food webs.

Loss of biodiversity and weakening of ecosystem resilience, affecting millions of people reliant on these resources.

Disruption of marine food chains, as sharks are apex predators, and their overfishing can lead to trophic cascades.

Drastic population decline, risks of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing increase, and species could take decades to recover.

Some of the world's most overfished waters, with impacts including habitat destruction and bycatch of non-target species.

Overfishing can deplete populations for over a century due to its slow growth and late maturity.

The reduction in top-predators like cod might lead to a dense population of smaller fish, altering the entire ecosystem.

Their decrease disturbs the natural sand production and coral health, impacting the structural stability of coral reefs.

Commercial exploitation of krill threatens the food base of many species, from fish to whales, with potential for ecosystem collapse.

Their overfishing can lead to an overabundance of smaller herbivorous species, affecting coral reef health and resilience.

Overfishing, combined with climate change, poses a severe threat to its diverse ecosystem, possibly leading to the loss of species and economic decline.

Overfishing has led to a decline in fish populations and damage to habitats due to trawling, affecting the health of the entire ecosystem.

Declining populations affect the nutritional supply of bears and other wildlife, and impact the cultural and economic well-being of indigenous communities.

Historically overfished, but now a model for sustainable fishing and marine conservation, showing ecosystem recovery is possible.

Strict regulations have helped some stocks recover, but others remain depleted due to historical overfishing, bycatch, and high market demand.

Populations are relatively healthy due to effective management, but vulnerability remains from illegal unreported fishing and habitat loss.

Past conservation measures have helped improve populations, but ongoing management is essential to prevent future declines due to longline fishing.

Overfishing, particularly of herbivorous fish, leads to algal overgrowth on reefs, which can choke out corals and reduce biodiversity.

With the ice melting, new fishing areas are emerging, exacerbating the stress on vulnerable ecosystems not accustomed to large-scale fishing.

Overfishing leads to depletion of an important forage fish, with ripple effects throughout the food web affecting birds, marine mammals, and predatory fish.

Some species are recovering due to strict regulations, but others are still threatened by overfishing and illegal fishing practices.

Boom-and-bust cycles exacerbated by overfishing can lead to significant economic impacts on the fishing industry and related communities.

Exploitation of tuna and other large species has led to a reduction in these top predators, affecting the ecological balance and the livelihoods of coastal communities.

Overfishing threatens the unique biodiversity and endemism of marine species, which is critical for the overall health of this UNESCO World Heritage site.

Intense harvesting of anchovy stocks for fishmeal and oil can destabilize the food web, affecting larger fish and seabird populations.

Overfished for their fins, loss of this species disrupts ecosystem balance and reduces genetic diversity within shark populations.

Efforts are in place to rebuild populations, but juvenile snapper continue to be at risk from bycatch in other fisheries, threatening recovery efforts.