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With the ice melting, new fishing areas are emerging, exacerbating the stress on vulnerable ecosystems not accustomed to large-scale fishing.

Overfishing leads to depletion of an important forage fish, with ripple effects throughout the food web affecting birds, marine mammals, and predatory fish.

Overfishing can deplete populations for over a century due to its slow growth and late maturity.

Populations are relatively healthy due to effective management, but vulnerability remains from illegal unreported fishing and habitat loss.

Disruption of marine food chains, as sharks are apex predators, and their overfishing can lead to trophic cascades.

Some of the world's most overfished waters, with impacts including habitat destruction and bycatch of non-target species.

Their decrease disturbs the natural sand production and coral health, impacting the structural stability of coral reefs.

Overfishing, combined with climate change, poses a severe threat to its diverse ecosystem, possibly leading to the loss of species and economic decline.

Overfishing, particularly of herbivorous fish, leads to algal overgrowth on reefs, which can choke out corals and reduce biodiversity.

Collapse of historic fisheries, disrupting the balance of marine ecosystems and local economies.

Boom-and-bust cycles exacerbated by overfishing can lead to significant economic impacts on the fishing industry and related communities.

Intense harvesting of anchovy stocks for fishmeal and oil can destabilize the food web, affecting larger fish and seabird populations.

Efforts are in place to rebuild populations, but juvenile snapper continue to be at risk from bycatch in other fisheries, threatening recovery efforts.

Commercial exploitation of krill threatens the food base of many species, from fish to whales, with potential for ecosystem collapse.

Reduction in genetic diversity, increased vulnerability to diseases, and potential extinction if fishing rates persist.

Drastic population decline, risks of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing increase, and species could take decades to recover.

Declining populations affect the nutritional supply of bears and other wildlife, and impact the cultural and economic well-being of indigenous communities.

Strict regulations have helped some stocks recover, but others remain depleted due to historical overfishing, bycatch, and high market demand.

Loss of biodiversity and weakening of ecosystem resilience, affecting millions of people reliant on these resources.

Past conservation measures have helped improve populations, but ongoing management is essential to prevent future declines due to longline fishing.

The world's largest ocean is facing overfishing of tuna, billfish, and shark populations, leading to decreased sizes of fish and shifts in species composition.

The reduction in top-predators like cod might lead to a dense population of smaller fish, altering the entire ecosystem.

Their overfishing can lead to an overabundance of smaller herbivorous species, affecting coral reef health and resilience.

Ecosystem stress leading to a reduction in certain species, changes in community structure, and altered food webs.

Historically overfished, but now a model for sustainable fishing and marine conservation, showing ecosystem recovery is possible.

Overfished for their fins, loss of this species disrupts ecosystem balance and reduces genetic diversity within shark populations.

Overfishing has led to a decline in fish populations and damage to habitats due to trawling, affecting the health of the entire ecosystem.

Overfishing threatens the unique biodiversity and endemism of marine species, which is critical for the overall health of this UNESCO World Heritage site.

Some species are recovering due to strict regulations, but others are still threatened by overfishing and illegal fishing practices.