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Reducing waste at its source, typically by using less material in design and manufacture, or by using reusable products.

A philosophy and design principle for the end-use of resources to ensure products are reused, with the intent to completely eliminate waste

The dedicated process of refurbishing and recycling electronics, which safely recovers valuable materials and prevents toxic substances from entering the environment.

The use of microbes or plants to clean up contaminated areas, often soil or water, transforming harmful substances into less toxic ones.

Involves the mutual sharing of services, utility, and by-product resources among industries in an effort to improve resource efficiency and reduce pollution.

A waste treatment technology that uses high-temperatures created by an electrically charged gas to decompose materials into a synthetic gas.

The disposal of waste by burying it, often in a designated area. Modern landfills are designed to minimize environmental impacts.

A series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas that can be used for energy.

A biological process that degrades organic waste into a humus-like substance, enriching soil and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. It helps conserve resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and decrease pollution.

The action of using something again for its original purpose or for a different function, which reduces the need for new products and thus waste.

The thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere, producing char, oil, and synthetic gas, which can be energy sources.

The process of generating energy in the form of electricity or heat from the primary treatment of waste, reducing the volume of waste sent to landfills.

The process of collecting, sorting, and processing recyclable materials to be reused in manufacturing, conserving resources and energy.