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PM10 stands for particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. These particles can cause health problems as they can be inhaled into the nose, mouth, and lungs, leading to issues such as coughing, asthma, and reduced lung function.

PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. These particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, premature death, and issues like asthma and heart attacks.

Ground-level ozone is a harmful air pollutant and the main component of smog. It is formed from the reaction of sunlight with pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ozone exposure can lead to respiratory issues, such as asthma, reduced lung function, and can aggravate existing lung diseases.

Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a characteristic sharp, biting odor and is one of a group of gases called nitrogen oxides (NOx). Long-term exposure can lead to reduced lung function and increased risk of respiratory conditions. It also contributes to the formation of ozone and fine particle pollution.

Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials. High levels can be deadly by preventing oxygen from binding to hemoglobin in the blood, leading to tissue damage and death. Lower concentrations can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and increased risk of heart disease.