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Soil Contaminants and Remediation
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Oil, Gasoline)
Health risks: Cancer, central nervous system effects, respiratory issues. Remediation methods: Bioremediation, air sparging, thermal treatment.
Mercury (Hg)
Health risks: Neurological damage, kidney damage, Minamata disease. Remediation methods: Soil vapor extraction, activated carbon adsorption, excavation followed by off-site disposal.
Pesticides (Organochlorines, Organophosphates)
Health risks: Endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, cancer. Remediation methods: Bioremediation using microbes, phytoremediation, and soil vapor extraction.
Lead (Pb)
Health risks: Neurotoxicity, developmental delays in children, renal damage. Remediation methods: Phytoremediation, soil washing, stabilization/solidification.
Cadmium (Cd)
Health risks: Carcinogenic, bone demineralization (Itai-itai disease), kidney damage. Remediation methods: Chemical stabilization, electrokinetic remediation, chelate-assisted phytoextraction.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Health risks: Cancer, immune system suppression, reproductive and developmental disorders. Remediation methods: Thermal desorption, ultraviolet light degradation, chemical dechlorination.
Arsenic (As)
Health risks: Skin lesions, various cancers, cardiovascular disease. Remediation methods: Phytoremediation, soil washing, in situ chemical immobilization.
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