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Vector-Borne Diseases

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Triatomine Bugs (Kissing Bugs)

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Diseases: Chagas Disease Preventive Measures: Improve housing and sanitary conditions to reduce bug infestations, use insecticides and repellents, regularly inspect and clean places where the bugs hide, and use bed nets.

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Fleas

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Diseases: Plague, Murine Typhus, Tungiasis, Cat Scratch Disease Preventive Measures: Control flea infestations on pets by regular use of flea control products, keep your home clean and vacuumed, use flea control products in the environment, and avoid contact with wild or stray animals.

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Tsetse Flies

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Diseases: African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Preventive Measures: Wear neutral-colored clothing as tsetse flies are attracted to bright and dark colors, use of permethrin-treated clothing, avoid bushes during the day when flies are most active, and use bed nets in infested areas.

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Mosquitoes

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Diseases: Malaria, Dengue, Zika Virus, West Nile Virus, Chikungunya, Yellow Fever Preventive Measures: Use insect repellent, install screens on windows and doors, remove standing water where mosquitoes breed, wear protective clothing such as long sleeves and pants, sleep under mosquito nets, and consider taking prophylaxis when traveling to areas with high disease prevalence.

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Sandflies

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Diseases: Leishmaniasis, Sandfly Fever (Pappataci fever) Preventive Measures: Use bed nets, preferably impregnated with insecticides, apply insect repellent, avoid outdoor activities especially from dusk to dawn when sandflies are most active, and wear protective clothing covering as much of the body as possible.

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Ticks

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Diseases: Lyme Disease, Tick-borne Encephalitis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis Preventive Measures: Avoid potentially infested areas (e.g., wooded or grassy areas), use tick repellents, wear long sleeves and pants, check for ticks on clothing and body after being outdoors, and promptly remove ticks using fine-tipped tweezers.

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