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The 1929 stock market crash, also known as Black Tuesday, marked the beginning of the Great Depression. It led to widespread bank failures, significant unemployment, and a reduction in private investment.

On October 19, 1987, stock markets around the world crashed, shedding a huge value in a very short time. The event raised questions about market stability and prompted changes in trading regulation.

Triggered by the collapse of the Thai baht, this crisis spread across East Asia, causing stock market declines, reduced import revenues, and government bailouts.

The burst of the internet-based market bubble in 2000 led to the decline of tech stock values and contributed to a mild recession. Many tech startups went bankrupt.

The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, led to the closure of the NYSE and a sharp drop in market confidence, causing significant economic disruption.

The collapse of Lehman Brothers marked the onset of a global credit crunch, leading to the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. It spurred government interventions worldwide.

On May 6, 2010, a sudden and severe stock market crash occurred, erasing billions in market value before a partial rebound. It highlighted the need for improved regulatory controls in high-frequency trading.

A major stock market selloff that began in June 2015 wiped out gains from the preceding year, leading to economic instability in China and affecting global markets.

From the early to mid-2000s, there was a significant rise in commodity prices, driven by increased demand from emerging markets and speculation. This led to increased inflationary pressures worldwide.

Deteriorated investor confidence due to the oil crisis, inflation, and geopolitical tensions led to a prolonged bear market and contributed to a global economic downturn.

One of the longest-running bull markets in history occurred during the 1980s, largely fueled by economic recovery, deregulation, and the advent of new technology sectors.

The post-World War II economic expansion saw significant gains in stock markets as industries transitioned from wartime to consumer production, bolstering economic growth.

In 2009, markets began recovering from the 2008 financial crisis, largely due to unprecedented monetary stimulus by central banks and fiscal intervention by governments.

In response to the stock market crash, the Securities Act of 1933 was enacted to restore investor confidence and impose regulations on the securities industry, laying the groundwork for the SEC.

The launch of the NASDAQ in 1971 introduced the world to electronic trading, subsequently transforming the landscape of stock trading and providing an alternative to traditional stock exchanges.

In the 1920s, the speculative bubble in Florida real estate burst, leading to losses for investors, which some historians see as a precursor to the 1929 crash.

In the 1630s, the Dutch experienced one of the first recorded speculative bubbles and crashes, as prices for tulip bulbs soared and then collapsed.

In 1720, the South Sea Company in Great Britain collapsed, leading to a financial panic and losses for many investors, including Isaac Newton.

The crisis that emerged in the late 1980s involved over 1,000 savings and loan associations failing due to risky real estate lending, requiring a taxpayer-funded bailout.