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Trade Wars Through History

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Anglo-Irish Trade War (1932–1938)

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Countries involved: Irish Free State and United Kingdom. Outcome: Economic struggle that ended with a series of agreements, but strained economic conditions in Ireland.

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The Chicken War (1960s)

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Countries involved: United States and European Economic Community. Outcome: The dispute led to long-term changes in tariffs and trade negotiations, including reductions in European tariffs on American-built trucks.

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The Whiskey Rebellion (1791)

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Countries involved: United States (internal conflict). Outcome: Demonstrated the new nation's willingness to enforce its taxation policies; rebellion was quelled.

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Banana Wars (1993-2009)

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Countries involved: European Union, United States, and Latin American countries. Outcome: Series of trade disputes over bananas that ended with an agreement in Geneva that reduced EU tariffs.

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US-Canada Lumber Trade Dispute (1982-Present)

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Countries involved: United States and Canada. Outcome: Ongoing dispute over softwood lumber that has seen multiple agreements and tariffs.

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The Opium Wars

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Countries involved: United Kingdom and Qing Dynasty China. Outcome: China was defeated, leading to the Treaty of Nanking and opening of five treaty ports to foreign merchants.

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The Pasta War (1985-1987)

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Countries involved: United States and European Economic Community. Outcome: Negotiated settlement where the U.S. reduced sanctions and EEC reduced pasta tariffs.

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China-United States Trade War (2018-Present)

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Countries involved: United States and China. Outcome: Ongoing conflict featuring tariffs and trade negotiations, with a partial agreement signed in January 2020.

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US-Japan Auto Trade Dispute (1980s)

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Countries involved: United States and Japan. Outcome: Voluntary Export Restraints by Japan to limit automobile exports to the U.S., industry shifts.

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US-Japan Semiconductor Trade Dispute (1980s)

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Countries involved: United States and Japan. Outcome: Agreements aimed at market share targets and prevention of dumping practices; influenced the global semiconductor industry.

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The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930)

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Countries involved: United States and various trading partners. Outcome: Worsened the Great Depression by triggering retaliatory tariffs and reducing global trade.

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US - EU Steel and Aluminium Tariffs (2018)

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Countries involved: United States and European Union. Outcome: Tariffs imposed by the U.S. led to EU retaliatory measures; unresolved tensions but negotiations are ongoing.

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