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An official written statement that informs an individual or entity that their initial application or request has been denied.

The act of officially challenging the denial of an application or request to a higher authority within the agency.

A preliminary assessment of the appeal by the agency, which can quickly affirm or reverse the denial without a formal hearing.

A formal process where both the appellant and the agency present evidence and arguments before an administrative law judge (ALJ) or equivalent.

A pre-hearing stage where both parties exchange information, gather evidence, and prepare arguments.

The concluding determination issued by the administrative judge or body after the agency hearing process.

A request made to the administrative body to re-examine the case due to significant evidence or argument not previously considered.

The requirement that all available administrative agency appeals and procedures must be used before a party can appeal to judicial court.

The process by which a court reviews an administrative agency’s decision to ensure it complies with legal standards.