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Administrative Law Judge, presides over federal administrative hearings, making decisions on regulatory and benefits claims disputes.

A formal proceeding before an ALJ involving evidence and argument, often relating to regulatory compliance or benefits claims.

The first decision rendered by an ALJ in an administrative dispute, subject to appeal within the agency.

A fresh look at all evidence without deferring to prior decisions, sometimes conducted by ALJ on appeals.

Pre-hearing process where parties can obtain evidence from each other; overseen by an ALJ to ensure fairness.

Prohibited private communication with an ALJ about a case outside the presence of all parties to the case.

The conclusive decision by an ALJ or agency head following an initial decision and any appeals.

A meeting managed by an ALJ to set the timetable and to simplify issues before a hearing.

The official comprehensive documentation of all exhibits, testimony, and rulings in an administrative hearing.

An ALJ's or an agency’s order sending a case back to the original decision-maker for further action or reconsideration.

A decision made by an ALJ without a hearing, typically used when there's no dispute over facts.

Evidence given under oath during an administrative hearing, regulated by an ALJ to ensure veracity.

The authority of an ALJ to compel witnesses to appear and produce evidence at a hearing.

A specialist in a particular field asked to provide technical or scientific information to an ALJ during a hearing.