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Music Licensing Terminology
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License Agreement
A license agreement in music is a legal contract between a rights holder and a licensee that outlines the terms regarding the use of a musical work or recording. It specifies usage rights, fees, duration, and territory, among other factors.
Grand Rights License
A grand rights license is necessary for large-scale performances that involve dramatic works, such as operas, musical theater, and ballets, particularly when they're presented in a narrative context that extends beyond a standard concert performance.
Master Recording
The master recording is the original final version of a song or sound recording. It is the version that is used for duplication and distribution to the public.
Master License
A master license grants permission to use a pre-recorded version of a song, also known as a master recording, in various media formats. This is typically owned by the record label or artist who owns the recording rights.
Work Made for Hire
A 'work made for hire' is a work created by an employee within the scope of employment or a work specially ordered/commissioned for certain specified uses, where the parties agree in writing that it is a work made for hire. In the music industry, it might be used for commissioned songs for specific purposes, like a soundtrack.
Performance License
A performance license gives permission to play a song or any portion of a song in a public setting such as radio, TV, online streaming, or live venues.
Mechanical License
A mechanical license grants the rights to reproduce and distribute a musical composition on CDs, records, tapes, ringtones, and digital downloads. It is most commonly used when an artist records and releases another songwriter's work.
Blanket License
A blanket license allows the licensee to use any music in a PRO's catalog for a set period in exchange for a negotiated fee. It is commonly used by broadcasters, venues, and streaming services.
Synchronization License
A synchronization license, or 'sync' license, is the right to use a piece of music in timed relation with visual media such as movies, TV shows, advertisements, video games, and presentations.
Digital Performance Right
Digital performance right is the right to control and earn royalties from the digital transmission of sound recordings, such as internet radio or online music streaming services.
Production Music
Production music, also known as stock or library music, is pre-recorded music made available for licensing to use in film, TV, radio, and other media. Such music is ready-made, clearing the necessity for custom music production.
Composer
In music licensing, a composer is an individual who creates original music, which may then be licensed for use in various media platforms or performances.
Publisher
A publisher in the context of music is an entity that deals with the business side of music copyright, including issuing licenses, collecting royalties, and promoting compositions.
Print Rights License
Print rights license allows for the reproduction of a musical composition in printed form, like sheet music or a songbook.
Cue Sheet
A cue sheet is a detailed listing of all the music used in a television program, film, or other media project. It includes details about titles, composers, and publishers, and is used to ensure proper royalty payments to rights holders for public performances.
Royalty
A royalty is a payment made to the rights holders of a musical work or recording for the use of that music, based on an agreed percentage of revenue or a flat fee.
Compulsory License
A compulsory license allows someone to cover a song without the original copyright holders' explicit permission, provided that royalty payments are set by statute.
Sampling
Sampling in music licensing refers to the act of taking a portion of a sound recording and reusing it in a different song or piece of music. A license is often required from the rights holder of the original recording to use the sample legally.
Work-for-Hire Agreement
A work-for-hire agreement is a contract in which a musician or composer creates a piece of music specifically for another party, with the understanding that the hiring party will own the copyright of the created work.
Copyright Termination
Copyright termination refers to the process by which the original rights holders of a musical work can reclaim copyrights that they had previously assigned to a publisher or producer, after a statutory period.
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