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The EU has a strong focus on geographical indications, while the US tends to cover such protections under trademark law.

The interpretation and application of the three-step test from the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works varies by country.

Variations exist in what constitutes novelty, non-obviousness, and utility between jurisdictions like the US and the EU.

In some countries like the US, trademarks must be in actual use to maintain registration, while others accept intent-to-use.

The US has a broad fair use doctrine, compared to countries like the UK which follow a more restricted fair dealing approach.

The US ratified the Washington Treaty, while the EU has its own Directive on the legal protection of these designs.

National, regional, or international exhaustion policies affect the reselling of copyrighted goods differently across jurisdictions.

Patent term adjustments for regulatory delays are more common in the US, while Supplementary Protection Certificates exist in the EU.

Countries like the US have established doctrines like vicarious and contributory liability, which may not be explicitly defined elsewhere.

In some legal systems, prior users of an invention may continue to use it despite a later patent, which is not universally recognized.

Protection of non-traditional marks such as sounds and smells varies, with some jurisdictions having more lenient criteria than others.

The length of copyright protection can differ significantly; for example, life plus 70 years in the US vs life plus 50 years in many other countries.

The EU's sui generis database right provides protection separate from copyright, not recognized in jurisdictions like the US.

Europe generally offers stronger protection of moral rights than the US, where they are limited and often waivable.

The US uses Plant Patent Act and Plant Variety Protection Act, while the EU provides protection under the Community Plant Variety Office.

Legal frameworks for trade secrets vary, with the US adopting the Uniform Trade Secrets Act and the EU having the Trade Secrets Directive.

Some jurisdictions provide for unregistered design rights (e.g., EU) offering short-term protection, unlike the US which requires registration.

Differences in exhaustion of trademark rights affect the legality of parallel imports, with some countries adopting national or regional exhaustion policies.

Granting of compulsory licenses, particularly for pharmaceuticals, varies notably between developed and developing countries.