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Trademark infringement occurs when a trademark (like a software name or logo) that is similar enough to a registered mark to cause confusion is used without permission. This can also apply to open source software where trademarks are used to signify the source of the software.

Open source licenses generally cannot be revoked by licensors once given, as long as users comply with the terms. However, violations of the license terms can result in termination of the rights granted under the license.

Copyleft licenses (like the GPL) require that modifications and derived works also be distributed under the same license. Permissive licenses (like the MIT License) place minimal restrictions on how the software can be reused, allowing proprietary derivatives.

Key elements include free redistribution, source code availability, derived works permission, integrity of the author's source code, no discrimination against persons or groups, distribution of license, license must not be specific to a product, license must not restrict other software, and license must be technology-neutral.

The 'Non-Commercial' clause in Creative Commons licenses restricts the use of the work to non-commercial purposes only, which is typically incompatible with the Open Source Definition allowing commercial use.

Common compliance issues include failure to provide source code when required, violating license terms like copyleft provisions, incorporating open source into proprietary software without abiding by the license, and not attributing original authors or licensors.

Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. It's typically distributed under licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition.

Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce. It is protected by law through patents, copyrights, trademarks, and the like.

Public domain works are free for anyone to use for any purpose. They can be incorporated into open source projects without restrictions, but the open source project's license may impose conditions on the distribution of the combined work.

Software patents can affect open source software by potentially restricting the use, distribution, or modification of software that might infringe on the patented software, unless a license is obtained. Some open source licenses include explicit patent grants to users.

The Software Freedom Law Center provides legal representation and other law-related services to protect and advance Free and Open Source Software. It helps in navigating legal issues surrounding open source.

A permissive open source license is a type of license that imposes minimal restrictions on how the software can be used, modified, and distributed. Examples include the MIT License and the Apache License.

The Open Source Definition is a document by the Open Source Initiative that enumerates 10 criteria which a software license must fulfill to be considered open source.

Copyleft open source licenses are licenses that allow the software and its derived works to be freely used, modified, and distributed, but require the same freedoms be preserved in derivative works. The GPLv3 is an example.

Dual-licensing is a practice where software is released under two different licenses, usually one open source and one proprietary, providing users an option depending on their needs, often used as a business model to derive revenue while supporting open source.

The 'source code' is important in open source licensing because it must be made available to users for them to exercise their rights to inspect, modify, and potentially distribute modifications, which are core to the freedoms provided by open source licenses.

Creative Commons licenses are often used for artistic works and educational content, and some do not meet the Open Source Definition, especially those with 'Non-Commercial' or 'No Derivatives' clauses. They are more about content than software.

The GNU GPL is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share, and modify the software. It is a copyleft license which means that derived works can only be distributed under the same license terms.

Yes, open source software can be commercialized. Companies and individuals can sell open source software, services related to it, or add proprietary extensions, as long as they comply with the open source license terms.