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Copyright Law Essentials
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Copyright
A legal right granted to the creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute, and adapt the work.
Fair Use
A legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holders.
Public Domain
Refers to works whose intellectual property rights have expired, been forfeited, or are inapplicable.
Derivative Work
A work based on or derived from one or more already existing works.
Moral Rights
Rights of creators to have their work attributed to them and to have the integrity of the work respected.
Copyright Infringement
The violation of a copyright owner's exclusive rights, without permission.
Statutory Damages
Predetermined damages awarded to a copyright holder when infringement has occurred, in lieu of actual damages.
Work Made for Hire
A work created by an employee as part of their job, or certain commissioned works, where the employer or commissioner is considered the copyright owner.
Berne Convention
An international agreement governing copyright protection, which provides automatic protection of original works among its signatory countries.
Copyright Term
The length of time that copyright protection is granted for a work.
Compulsory License
A license that allows someone to use a copyrighted work without the copyright holder's permission, under specific conditions.
First Sale Doctrine
A legal doctrine that allows the purchaser of a legally obtained copyrighted work to resell that particular item without permission.
Copyright Notice
A statement placed on copyrighted material to inform about the existence of copyright and usually includes the copyright symbol, year of first publication, and the name of the copyright holder.
License Agreement
A contractual agreement by which a copyright holder allows a third party to use the copyrighted material under certain terms.
Orphan Works
Copyrighted material for which the copyright owner cannot be identified or located.
Copyright Deposit
Submitting copies of a work to a copyright office, sometimes required for registration.
Copyright Registration
The process of recording the copyright of a work with a copyright office, which may provide legal advantages in case of infringement.
Economic Rights
Rights that allow the copyright holder to derive financial reward from the use of their works by others.
Copyright Clearance
The process of obtaining permission from the copyright holder to use their work.
Collective Work
A work that consists of individual contributions assembled into a collective whole, like anthologies or compilations.
Copyright Renewal
The extension of copyright protection beyond its original term, which is not necessary in all jurisdictions.
Copyright Directive
A legal instrument of the European Union designed to harmonize copyright laws across member states.
Performance Right
The right of the copyright holder to control public performances of their works, such as plays, music, and films.
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
Technological solutions designed to control how digital copyright works can be used, copied, and distributed.
Copyright Term Extension
Legislation or legal action that has the effect of prolonging the duration of copyrights beyond the original term set by copyright law.
Notice and Takedown Procedure
A process that allows copyright holders to request the removal of unauthorized online material infringing their copyright.
Copyright Troll
A derogatory term for a person or entity that enforces copyrights they own for the primary purpose of obtaining settlement fees rather than protecting the creative work.
Creative Commons
A nonprofit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools.
Synchronization License
A license granted by the copyright holder to allow music to be paired with visual images as part of a film or video.
Transformative Use
A use of copyrighted material that adds new expression, meaning, or message to the original, often impacting the fair use analysis.
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