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Copyright Law Essentials

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Copyright

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A legal right granted to the creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute, and adapt the work.

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Fair Use

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A legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holders.

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Public Domain

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Refers to works whose intellectual property rights have expired, been forfeited, or are inapplicable.

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Derivative Work

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A work based on or derived from one or more already existing works.

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Moral Rights

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Rights of creators to have their work attributed to them and to have the integrity of the work respected.

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Copyright Infringement

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The violation of a copyright owner's exclusive rights, without permission.

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Statutory Damages

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Predetermined damages awarded to a copyright holder when infringement has occurred, in lieu of actual damages.

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Work Made for Hire

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A work created by an employee as part of their job, or certain commissioned works, where the employer or commissioner is considered the copyright owner.

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Berne Convention

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An international agreement governing copyright protection, which provides automatic protection of original works among its signatory countries.

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Copyright Term

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The length of time that copyright protection is granted for a work.

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Compulsory License

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A license that allows someone to use a copyrighted work without the copyright holder's permission, under specific conditions.

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First Sale Doctrine

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A legal doctrine that allows the purchaser of a legally obtained copyrighted work to resell that particular item without permission.

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Copyright Notice

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A statement placed on copyrighted material to inform about the existence of copyright and usually includes the copyright symbol, year of first publication, and the name of the copyright holder.

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License Agreement

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A contractual agreement by which a copyright holder allows a third party to use the copyrighted material under certain terms.

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Orphan Works

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Copyrighted material for which the copyright owner cannot be identified or located.

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Copyright Deposit

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Submitting copies of a work to a copyright office, sometimes required for registration.

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Copyright Registration

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The process of recording the copyright of a work with a copyright office, which may provide legal advantages in case of infringement.

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Economic Rights

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Rights that allow the copyright holder to derive financial reward from the use of their works by others.

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Copyright Clearance

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The process of obtaining permission from the copyright holder to use their work.

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Collective Work

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A work that consists of individual contributions assembled into a collective whole, like anthologies or compilations.

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Copyright Renewal

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The extension of copyright protection beyond its original term, which is not necessary in all jurisdictions.

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Copyright Directive

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A legal instrument of the European Union designed to harmonize copyright laws across member states.

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Performance Right

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The right of the copyright holder to control public performances of their works, such as plays, music, and films.

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Digital Rights Management (DRM)

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Technological solutions designed to control how digital copyright works can be used, copied, and distributed.

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Copyright Term Extension

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Legislation or legal action that has the effect of prolonging the duration of copyrights beyond the original term set by copyright law.

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Notice and Takedown Procedure

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A process that allows copyright holders to request the removal of unauthorized online material infringing their copyright.

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Copyright Troll

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A derogatory term for a person or entity that enforces copyrights they own for the primary purpose of obtaining settlement fees rather than protecting the creative work.

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Creative Commons

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A nonprofit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools.

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Synchronization License

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A license granted by the copyright holder to allow music to be paired with visual images as part of a film or video.

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Transformative Use

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A use of copyrighted material that adds new expression, meaning, or message to the original, often impacting the fair use analysis.

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